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DIT > 1A Foundations 1 - Embryology > Flashcards

1A Foundations 1 - Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

Sperm + Oocyte = ?

A

Zygote

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2
Q

Next step after zygote?

A

Morula (meaning = Mulberry)

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3
Q

Next step after morula?

A

Blastocyst

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4
Q

Parts of a blastocyst?

A

Trophoblast + Inner cell mass

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5
Q

On what day does implantation into the endometrium happen happen?

A

Day 6

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6
Q

What does the trophoblast turn into (finally)?

A

Placenta

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7
Q

What does the inner cell mass turn into (finally)?

A

Fetus

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8
Q

What does the trophoblast turn into?

A

Cytotrophoblast

Syncytiotrophoblast

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9
Q

What does the Syncytiotrophoblast make?

A

hCG. This hormone tell the corpus luteum that a successful implantation has taken place and thus prevents menstruation.

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10
Q

What does the Cytotrophoblast make?

A

Cells

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11
Q

What does the corpus luteum secrete? And what is the effect?

A

Progesterone.

Maintains endometrial lining and thus prevents menstruation

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12
Q

The next step after formation of cytotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts?

A

Formation of Chorion with villi (that grows into the maternal part of the placenta)

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13
Q

What structure does the Chorion with villi make up?

A

Fetal part of the placenta

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14
Q

What is the name of the maternal component of the placenta and what is it made up of?

A

Decidua basalis.

Endometrium

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15
Q

When is the embryonic phase?

A

Between week three and eight

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16
Q

What is neurulation?

A

Formation of a neural tube

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17
Q

When are the three germ layers produced?

A

At the end of the third week

18
Q

Where is the notochord? And what does it give rise to?

A

Mesoderm.

Gives rise to overlying ectoderm to differentiate into neural plate

19
Q

What does the neural plate give rise to? And which germ layer do they arise from?

A

Neural tube and neural crest cells. They arise from Ectoderm.

20
Q

What neural crest derivatives are found in the Peripheral nervous system?

A

Autonomic NS (Vagus nerve, Sympathetic ganglia), Dorsal root ganglia, sensory nerves, Schwann cells, Cranial nerves

21
Q

What neural crest derivatives are found in the Ear?

A

Ossicles of the middle ear (Malleus, Incus, Stapes)

22
Q

What neural crest derivatives are found in the Eye?

A

Anterior chamber (cornea, sclera, ciliary muscle, iris pigment cells)

23
Q

What neural crest derivatives are found in the Adrenal gland?

A

Chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla

24
Q

What neural crest derivatives are found in the Mouth?

A

Odontoblasts

25
Q

What neural crest derivatives are found in the Heart?

A

Aorticopulmonary septum (spiral septum)

26
Q

What neural crest derivatives are found in the Digestive system?

A

Enteric nervous system, celiac ganglion, enterochromaffin cells

27
Q

What neural crest derivatives are found in the Thyroid?

A

Parafollicular (C) cells

28
Q

What neural crest derivatives are found in the Skin?

A

Melanocytes

29
Q

What does the neural tube become?

A

Brain and spinal cord

30
Q

What does chromaffin cells make?

A

Catecholamines: Epinephrin and norepinephrin

31
Q

What does odontoblasts give rise to?

A

Dentin of teeth

32
Q

What does enterochromaffin cells secrete?

A

Serotonin

33
Q

What does the parafollicular cells secrete?

A

Calcitonin

34
Q

What does neuroectoderm give rise to?

A 
Neurons of brain and spinal cord
Oligodendrocytes
Ependymal cells
Optic nerve
Retina
Pineal gland
Post pituitary (neurohypophysis)
35
Q

What is the function of oligodendrocytes?

A

Myelinate the CNS neurons

36
Q

What is the function of Astrocytes?

A

Support the neurons of the CNS

37
Q

Function of Ependymal cells?

A

Secrete CSF

38
Q

Why is surface ectoderm not neurological?

A

Did not get influenced by the notochord

39
Q

What does the Surface ectoderm give rise to?

A 
"Head structures"
Lenses of the eye
Olfactory epithelium
Inner ear
Ant. pituitary
Oral epithelium
Salivary glands
Epidermis
Sweat glands 
Mammary glands
Anal canal distal to pectinate line
40
Q

What does the endoderm give rise to?

A 
Gi tract (esophagus to pectinate line)
Liver, Gallbladder, Pancreas
Lungs
Thymus
Parathyroid glands
Follicular cells of thyroid
Epithelium of bladder/urethra and lower 2/3 of vagina
41
Q

What does the mesoderm give rise to?

A 
Bone
muscle
bone marrow
blood cells
heart
blood vessels
lymphatics
Upper portion of vagina
Kidneys, adrenal cortex
Gonads
Dermis of skin

DIT (11 decks)

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