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Microbiology > Review PP 4-7Chps > Flashcards

Review PP 4-7Chps Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes- nucleus

A

prokaryotes-pre nucleus

eukaryotes- true nucleus

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2
Q

Differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes- DNA

A

prokaryotes

  • DNA is not enclosed within a membrane
  • DNA is singular and circularly arranged chromosome
  • No histones in DNA

Eukaryotes

  • DNA is found in cells nucleus
  • DNA is found in multiple chromosomes
  • DNA can have chromosomal proteins histones and nonhistones
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3
Q

what are histones?

A

special chromosomal proteins found in eukaryotes

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4
Q

Differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes- organelles

A

prokaryotes

  • generally lack organelles
  • eukaryotes have multiple membrane enclosed organelles
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5
Q

what membrane enclosed organelles do eukaryotes have

A

mitochondria
ER
Golgi
Lysosomes

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6
Q

Differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes- cell walls

A

prokaryotes
-cell walls contain the complex polysaccharide peptidoglycan

eukaryotes
- some have cell walls are chemically simple

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7
Q

Differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes- cell division

A

prokaryote- cells divide by binary division (DNA is copied, cell splits into two cells)

eukaryote-
cells divide through mitosis (chromosomes replicate and split)

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8
Q

similarities of prokaryote and eukaryote

A 
both have 
DNA
plasma membrane 
cytoplasm 
ribosomes
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9
Q

plasma membrane is found

A

closest to the cytoplasm

then… cell wall then… capsule

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10
Q

plasmid

A

fragments of DNA

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11
Q

Differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes- plasmid

A

prokaryote
-plasmid is common
eukaryote
-plasmid is rare

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12
Q

Differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes- unicellular or multicellular

A

prokaryote
-unicellular
eukaryote
-mostly multicellular

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13
Q

transduction

A

The transfer of DNA from one cell to another by bacteriophage.

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14
Q

transformation

A

The process from which genes are transferred from one bacterium to another as a “naked” DNA solution OR the changing of a normal cell into a cancerous cell

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15
Q

meisosis

A

a eukaryotic cell replication processes that results in cells with half the chromosomes number of the original cells

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16
Q

binary fission

A

prokaryotic cell reproduction by division into two daughter cells

17
Q

conjugation

A

the transfer of genetic material from one cell to another involving cell to cell contact

18
Q

Bacteriophage

A

a virus that infects bacterial cells

19
Q

gram positive vs gram negative cell membrane

A

gram positive cell membrane is much thinner and
gram negative is thicker…
an outer membrane on top of the pep

20
Q

lysosomes

A

an enzyme capable of hydrolyzing bacterial cell walls

21
Q

mitochondria

A

power house of cell. provides energy via krebs cycle and electron transport chain

22
Q

golgi complex

A

secretes protiens

23
Q

ER

A

connects nucleus… nuclear membrane and plasma membrane

24
Q

Centrosome

A

contains protein fibers and pair of centrioles; involved in formation of the mitotic spindle

25
Q

Ribosomes

A

site of protein synthesis in the cell composed of RNA and protein

26
Q

conjugation

A

sex selection in bacteria female cell can turn a male cell into female via conjugation

27
Q

gram negative make up

A

bilayer at the base and then 60 units (periplasma) with little sugar carbons (back bone structure for protiens… NAM and NAG) and then another bilayer (lipid polysaccharide layer) , which gives off to lipid A, core polysaccharide and o polysaccharide

28
Q

gram negative vs gram post dye color

A

reddish pink

29
Q

how many subunits does gram positive and gram negative have

A

gram positive 3

gram negative 60

30
Q

what are porins

A

are protein channels that help gram negative cells to transport what ever the cell needs

Microbiology (9 decks)

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