Review powerpoint Flashcards
What are the big extensors of the cervicothoracic spine
semispinalis capitis
splenius capitis
splenius cervicis
What are the big (deep) extensors of the thoracolumbar spine?
multifidi
longissimus thoracis
iliocostalis lumborum
What are the big (superficial) extensors of the thoracolumbar spine
latissimus dorsi
fascia
what happens when areas of the body have excessive motion?
leads to traumatic patterns, pain
lumbars and cervicals are more likely
pain alters ____ and that stresses ____
pain alters mechanics and that stresses ill adapted tissues
The thoracic spine is…
more stable, therefore is less prone to aberrant motion and a degenerative cycle
what are usually tight in upper extremity movement dysfunction?
pec major/minir anterior deltoid subscapularis latissimus dorsi levator scapulae upper trap teres major SCM scalenes rectus capitis
what are usually weak in the upper extremity movement dysfunction?
rhomboids lower traps posterior deltoid teres minor infraspinatus serratus anterior longus coli longus capitis
What are some easy interventions for helping thoracic spine movement?
posture
breathing exercises
weight free/gravity free exercises
hyperkyphosis decreases?
scapular stability
cervical motion
respiration
hyperkyphosis leads to..?
shoulder pain
narrowing of joint space for movement
excess load on the ligaments in the shoulder
decreased shoulder strength
paradoxical breathing
use shoulders to breathe
diaphragmatic breathing
no overactivity of upper body muscles
what motor control exercises could we have a patient do?
trunk stability pushup
quadruped rollback
what functional pattern exercises are helpful for upper body mobility?
deep squat
in-line lunge
chop/lift
what are some in office ways to help with thoracic and UE mobility?
active ROM wall angel passive ROM assess P-A mobility mobilize spine adjust
what are some ways to have your patient do thoracic extension at home?
foam roller
cat/camel
posture
difficult but possible to change
need patient compliance (conscious effort to rain an unconscious behavior
common postural errors?
excessive lumbar extension
rib flare
upper thoracic sinking
full scapula retraction
does a direct blow to the head have to happen to get a concussion?
no
what does a concussion typically result in?
rapid onset of short-lived impairment of neurological function that resolves spontaneously
what are some things that can be done to prevent atheltic concussions?
sportsmanship
keep athletes hydrated
protective gear
preventative exercises
who are more prone to concuss?
female athletes
what are the steps to get an athlete back to the game?
no activity light aerobic exercise sport specific exercise non-contact training drills full contact training drills return to play
concussion signs and symptoms
headache, mental fog somatic (headache) cognitive (feeling in a fog) emotional (changes in personality or mood) loss of consciousness/amnesia irritability slow reaction times sleep distrubances
what is the SCAT 5?
a standardized tool for evaluating concussions designed for use by physicians and liscensed healthcare professionals
red flags according to SCAT 5
neck pain or tenderness double vision weakness or tingling/burning in arms or legs severe or increasing headache seizure or convulsion loss of consciousness deteriorating conscious state vomiting increasingly restless, agitated or combative
steps in the first part of SCAT5
red flags observable signs memory assessment (maddocks questions) examination (glasgow coma scale) cervical spine assessment
should the SCAT5 be used as a stand-alone method to diagnose a concussion?
no
if a glosgow method is over 15, what do you do?
stop examination, start emergency procedure
neurophychological assessment SCAT5
baseline testing not mandatory
most cases, symptom and cognitive recovery will overlap
some cases, symptoms recover earlier while with others cognitive recovers earlier
should be considere for return to play
ideally would be performed by trained neuropsyphologist
should a concussion be graded?
no
what should you identify if you suspect a concussion?
symptoms, not signs
loss of consciousness doesn’t predict outcome
amnesia poorly predicts outcome
seizures do not predict the outcome
