Low Back Pain

Question 1

tight/overactive lower extremity dysfunction

Answer 1

fibularis
lateral gastroc
soleus
IT BAND
LATERAL HAMSTRING
adductor
PSOAS

Question 2

weak/underactive lower extremity dysfunction

Answer 2

posterior tibialis
flexor digitorum lateralis
flexor hallucis lateralis
anterior tibialis
vastus medialis
pes anserine
gracilis
sartorius
semisendonosus
GLUTEUS MEDIUS
hip external rotators
GLUTEUS MAXIMUS
local lumbo-pelvic-hip stabilizers

Question 3

common joint dysfunction for lower extremity

Answer 3

1st MTP joint
subtalar joint
talocrural joint
proximal tibial/fibular joint
SI joint
lumbar facet joints

Question 4

possible injuries with lower extremity dysfunction

Answer 4

plantar fasciitis
posterior tibial tendonitis
anterior knee pain

Question 5

tight or overactive muscles in upper cross syndrome

Answer 5

pec major/minor
anterior deltoid
subscapularis
latissimus dorsi
levator scapulae
upper trap
teres major
SCM scalenes
rectus capitis

Question 6

weak or underactive muscles in upper cross syndrome

Answer 6

rhomboids
lower traps
posterior deltoid
teres minor
infraspinatus
serratus anterior
longus coli and longus capitis

Question 7

common joint dyfunction for upper cross syndrome

Answer 7

sternoclavicular joint
AC joint
throacic and cervical facet syndromes

Question 8

possible injuries associated with upper cross syndrome

Answer 8

rotator cuff
shoulder instability
bicep tendonitis
TOS
headaches

Question 9

when is there excessive neutral zone motion

Answer 9

after high-speed trauma the spinal segment’s neutral zone is increased

Question 10

what is the first indicator of onset of injury?

Answer 10

excessive neutral zone motion

Question 11

where is the biomechanically most stable position for stress on the spine?

Answer 11

neutral zone

Question 12

what influences the neutral zone?

Answer 12

passive system
neural system
active system

Question 13

what is the passive system?

Answer 13

vertebrae
IVD
zygapophyseal joints
ligaments

Question 14

what is the neural system?

Answer 14

central and peripheral nervous system

Question 15

what is teh active system?

Answer 15

muscles (local and global)

tendons

Question 16

describe the global system of neutral zone control?

Answer 16

larger torque producing muscles
anatomically more superficial
control spinal orientation and balance of external loads

Question 17

describe the local system of neutral zone control?

Answer 17

anatomically deep muscles
provide stability through increasing spinal segmental stiffness
play a role in anticipation of motion

Question 18

local control fo the neutral zone

Answer 18

core stabilizers work at all times
increase their action before any further loading or motion occurs
includes transversus abdominis, pelvic floor, diaphragm, multifidis

Question 19

what produces the most force?

Answer 19

eccentric contraction

Question 20

what increases force?

Answer 20

lengthening slightly beyond resting length

non-contractile tisssue elasticity adds to force

Question 21

what type of contraction causes more force?

Answer 21

faster ECCENTRIC contraction

Question 22

rotators and intertransversarii

Answer 22

usually described as causing twisting and lateral flexion
small cross section
can produce only a few newtons of force
small moment arm
minimal contribution to bending and twisting

Question 23

what is the function of rotators and intertransversarii?

Answer 23

length transducers and position sensors at every thoracic and lumbar joint

Question 24

internal and external oblique abs actions

Answer 24

twisting and lateral flexion

accessory muscles of resporation

Question 25

describe the internal and external oblique abs

Answer 25

forms a hoop around abdomen to increase core stability thoracolumbar fasica in posterior abdominal fasical inanterior "layers of plywood"

Question 26

rectus abdominis

Answer 26

contained within the abdominal fasica connects laterally through the aponeurosis to the abdominal wall also connects to pec major

Question 27

action of rectus abdominis

Answer 27

trunk flexion

Question 28

why is the rectus abdominis sectioned off?

Answer 28

prevents bulking upon shortening allows greater trunk flexibility when contracted multiple tendons allow forces from obliques to transmitted across the midline without pulling the fibers of the rectus apart completes the abdominal hoop

Question 29

psoas

Answer 29

attaches to the spine (T12-L5) action is hip flexion also causes substantial spine compression

Question 30

describe psoas in lower cross syndrome

Answer 30

facilitated (tight) puts chronic compression on the spine needs to be stretch

Question 31

strength

Answer 31

maximum force that a muscle can exert anaerobic primarily low repititions high intensity

Question 32

endurance

Answer 32

``` ability of a muscle to perform repeated contractions against less than maximal load high repititions low intensity type I fibers cardiovascular health energy state ```

Question 33

quadratus lumborum

Answer 33

attach to each lumbar vertebrae, the pelvis and rib cage buttressing against lateral buckling strong stabilizer of the spine hardly changes length during any spine motion

Question 34

transversus abdominis

Answer 34

deepest of the abdominals arises from the thoracolumbar fasical between the iliac crest and the 12th rib attaches to the inguinal ligament, iliac crest and lower six ribs attaches anteriorly to the abdominal aponeurosis

Question 35

what does the transversus abdominus muscle do?

Answer 35

fibers are horizontally orientated contraction increases intra-abdominal pressure causes core stiffening stiffens the lumbar spine provides compression to the SI during movement of the upper and lower etremity, it is recruited before any limb movement occurs

Question 36

what kind of activity does the transversusu abdominis do?

Answer 36

tonic | compression of the SI joints that caues force closure of the SI joint

Question 37

form closure

Answer 37

the shape of the joint compresses/closes the joint normal loads stabilize the SI joint "keystone" of an arch force from contraction of the transversusu abdominis compresse of closes the SI joint space stabilizes the joint

Question 38

muscles of the pelvic floor

Answer 38

coccygeus levator ani iliococcygeus pubococcygeus

Question 39

kegel exercises

Answer 39

muscles used to stop the flow of urine

Question 40

activation techniques for the kegels

Answer 40

stop lights elevator 200x per day