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Cytogenetics > Review of Related Terminologies > Flashcards

Review of Related Terminologies Flashcards

1
Q

The study of inherited traits and their variation

A

Genetics

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2
Q

The sum of all biological processes by which particular characteristics are transmitted from parents to their offspring.

A

Heredity

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3
Q

The units of heredity, which is
the transmission of inherited traits.

A

Genes

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4
Q

Where genes can be found?

A

Nucleic Acid DNA

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5
Q

A molecule whose function is to store and transfer genetic information

A

DNA

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6
Q

Important molecule in protein synthesis

A

RNA

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7
Q

Both DNA and RNA are polymers of repeating called _____

A

Nucloetides

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8
Q

There are how many different nucleotides present in the DNA molecule?

A

4 different nucleotides

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9
Q

Carries the instructions for protein synthesis to the sites of protein synthesis

A

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

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10
Q

Combines with proteins to form ribosomes

A

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

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11
Q

RNA that delivers amino acids to the sites of protein synthesis

A

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

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12
Q

It is the complete set of genetic instructions characteristic of an organism, including protein-encoding genes and other DNA sequences

A

Genome

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13
Q

Structures that are a product of DNA coiling in association with proteins

A

Chromosomes

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14
Q

Genes, the segment of DNA strand that encodes for the production of different proteins, may have different variants which are called _____

A

Alleles

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15
Q

Alleles are products of _____

A

Mutations

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16
Q

These are products of mutations.

A

Alleles

17
Q

Defined as any heritable change in the DNA sequence and are the source of all genetic variation

A

Mutations

18
Q

Observable traits or features of an organism (alleles that are expressed)

A

Phenotype

19
Q

Set of alleles for a given trait carried by an organism (alleles that are present)

A

Genotype

20
Q

A type of cell division in which one somatic cell give rise to two new ones

A

Mitosis

21
Q

Cell division involved in the production of
gametes

A

Meiosis

Cytogenetics (7 decks)

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