Cells Flashcards
Other term for Somatic Cells:
Body Cells
What are included in the body cells?
Bone Cells
Blood Cells
Nerve Cells
Muscle Cells
Somatic cells have two copies of the genome and are said to be _____.
Diploid
Somatic cells have _____ of the genome and are
said to be diploid.
2 copies
Sperm and egg cells have only one copy of the genome and are said to be _____.
Haploid
Sperm and egg cells have _____ of the genome
and are said to be haploid.
Only one copy
Organism that lacks nucleus.
Prokaryotes
Organism that has nucleus.
Eukaryotes
Macromolecules that are important in the biological process:
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acid
Function of Carbohydrates:
Provide energy
Function of Lipids:
Form membranes and hormones, provide insulation and store energy.
Function of Proteins:
Important in blood clotting, nerve transmission, muscle contraction, and immunity, while others serve and catalysts.
Macromolecule that provides energy.
Carbohydrates
Macromolecule that form membranes and hormones, provide insulation and store energy.
Lipids
Macromolecule that have many diverse functions in the body, and are important in blood clotting, nerve transmission, muscle contraction, and immunity, while others serve and catalysts.
Proteins
A covering that defines cell boundary.
Plasma Membrane
Function of Plasma Membrane:
Actively controls the movement of materials in and out of the cell.
Covering in most Animal Cells:
Glycocalyx or Cell Coat
Function of Glycocalyx or Cell Coat:
Provides biochemical identity at the surface of cells, and the components of the coat that establish cellular identity are under genetic control.
A membrane bound structure that houses the DNA, which is complex with protein into thin fibers.
Nucleus
During the nondivisional phases of the cell cycle, the fibers are uncoiled and dispersed into _____.
Chromatin
During mitosis and meiosis, chromatin fibers coil and condense into _____.
Chromosomes
Place where ribosomal RNA is synthesized.
Nucleolus
In prokaryotes, the genetic material is compacted into an unenclosed region called the _____.
Nucleoid
The remainder of the cell within the plasma membrane excluding the nucleus is called as the _____.
Cytoplasm
This structure of cell appears smooth in places
where it serves as site for synthesis of fatty acids and phospholipids, and in other places, appears rough as it is studded with ribosomes.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
2 Types of Endoplasmic Reticulum:
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Sites of protein synthesis, guided by the information contained in the mRNA.
Ribosomes
Provide energy by breaking down nutrients from food.
Mitochondria
The energy liberated from food is captured and
stored in the bonds present in a molecule called _____.
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
A pair of complex structure that are located in a specialized region called the centrosome.
Centrioles
The centrioles are a pair of complex structure that are located in a specialized region called the _____.
Centrosome
A meshwork of protein rods and tubules that molds the distinctive structures of a cell, positioning organelles and providing three-dimensional shape.
Cytoskeleton
3 Major Types of Elements of Cytoskeleton:
Microtubules
Microfilaments
Intermediate Filaments
The Major Types of Elements of Cytoskeleton is distinguished by:
Protein Type
Diameter
How they Aggregate into Larger Structures
Hair-like structures.
Cilia
Microtubules is composed of a pair of protein called _____.
Tubulin
Characteristics of Microtubules:
- Microtubules are long and hollow
- It provide many cellular movements
- Composed of a pair of protein called tubulin
- They form the cilia, which are hair-like structures
Characteristics of Microfilaments:
- These are long, thin rods composed of many molecules of the protein actin
- Solid and narrower than microtubules, they enable cells to withstand stretching and compression
- They also help anchor one cell to another
Characteristics of Intermediate Filaments:
- They have diameters intermediate between those of microtubules and microfilaments
- They are abundant in skin and nerve cells
- In actively dividing skin cells, it forms a strong inner framework that firmly attaches cells to each other and to the underlying tissue
Area where the Intermediate Filaments are abundant:
Skin Cells
Nerve Cells
