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Cytogenetics > Cells > Flashcards

Cells Flashcards

1
Q

Other term for Somatic Cells:

A

Body Cells

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2
Q

What are included in the body cells?

A

Bone Cells
Blood Cells
Nerve Cells
Muscle Cells

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3
Q

Somatic cells have two copies of the genome and are said to be _____.

A

Diploid

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4
Q

Somatic cells have _____ of the genome and are
said to be diploid.

A

2 copies

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5
Q

Sperm and egg cells have only one copy of the genome and are said to be _____.

A

Haploid

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6
Q

Sperm and egg cells have _____ of the genome
and are said to be haploid.

A

Only one copy

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7
Q

Organism that lacks nucleus.

A

Prokaryotes

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8
Q

Organism that has nucleus.

A

Eukaryotes

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9
Q

Macromolecules that are important in the biological process:

A

Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acid

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10
Q

Function of Carbohydrates:

A

Provide energy

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11
Q

Function of Lipids:

A

Form membranes and hormones, provide insulation and store energy.

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12
Q

Function of Proteins:

A

Important in blood clotting, nerve transmission, muscle contraction, and immunity, while others serve and catalysts.

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13
Q

Macromolecule that provides energy.

A

Carbohydrates

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14
Q

Macromolecule that form membranes and hormones, provide insulation and store energy.

A

Lipids

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15
Q

Macromolecule that have many diverse functions in the body, and are important in blood clotting, nerve transmission, muscle contraction, and immunity, while others serve and catalysts.

A

Proteins

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16
Q

A covering that defines cell boundary.

A

Plasma Membrane

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17
Q

Function of Plasma Membrane:

A

Actively controls the movement of materials in and out of the cell.

18
Q

Covering in most Animal Cells:

A

Glycocalyx or Cell Coat

19
Q

Function of Glycocalyx or Cell Coat:

A

Provides biochemical identity at the surface of cells, and the components of the coat that establish cellular identity are under genetic control.

20
Q

A membrane bound structure that houses the DNA, which is complex with protein into thin fibers.

A

Nucleus

21
Q

During the nondivisional phases of the cell cycle, the fibers are uncoiled and dispersed into _____.

A

Chromatin

22
Q

During mitosis and meiosis, chromatin fibers coil and condense into _____.

A

Chromosomes

23
Q

Place where ribosomal RNA is synthesized.

A

Nucleolus

24
Q

In prokaryotes, the genetic material is compacted into an unenclosed region called the _____.

A

Nucleoid

25
Q

The remainder of the cell within the plasma membrane excluding the nucleus is called as the _____.

A

Cytoplasm

26
Q

This structure of cell appears smooth in places
where it serves as site for synthesis of fatty acids and phospholipids, and in other places, appears rough as it is studded with ribosomes.

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum

27
Q

2 Types of Endoplasmic Reticulum:

A

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

28
Q

Sites of protein synthesis, guided by the information contained in the mRNA.

A

Ribosomes

29
Q

Provide energy by breaking down nutrients from food.

A

Mitochondria

30
Q

The energy liberated from food is captured and
stored in the bonds present in a molecule called _____.

A

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

31
Q

A pair of complex structure that are located in a specialized region called the centrosome.

A

Centrioles

32
Q

The centrioles are a pair of complex structure that are located in a specialized region called the _____.

A

Centrosome

33
Q

A meshwork of protein rods and tubules that molds the distinctive structures of a cell, positioning organelles and providing three-dimensional shape.

A

Cytoskeleton

34
Q

3 Major Types of Elements of Cytoskeleton:

A

Microtubules
Microfilaments
Intermediate Filaments

35
Q

The Major Types of Elements of Cytoskeleton is distinguished by:

A

Protein Type
Diameter
How they Aggregate into Larger Structures

36
Q

Hair-like structures.

A

Cilia

37
Q

Microtubules is composed of a pair of protein called _____.

A

Tubulin

38
Q

Characteristics of Microtubules:

A
  • Microtubules are long and hollow
  • It provide many cellular movements
  • Composed of a pair of protein called tubulin
  • They form the cilia, which are hair-like structures
39
Q

Characteristics of Microfilaments:

A
  • These are long, thin rods composed of many molecules of the protein actin
  • Solid and narrower than microtubules, they enable cells to withstand stretching and compression
  • They also help anchor one cell to another
40
Q

Characteristics of Intermediate Filaments:

A
  • They have diameters intermediate between those of microtubules and microfilaments
  • They are abundant in skin and nerve cells
  • In actively dividing skin cells, it forms a strong inner framework that firmly attaches cells to each other and to the underlying tissue
41
Q

Area where the Intermediate Filaments are abundant:

A

Skin Cells
Nerve Cells

Cytogenetics (7 decks)

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