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Cytogenetics > Cell Cycle and Mitosis > Flashcards

Cell Cycle and Mitosis Flashcards

1
Q

An organism’s DNA, containing arrays of genes, is organized into structures called _____.

A

Chromosomes

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2
Q

Function of Chromosomes:

A

Serve as vehicles for transmitting genetic information

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3
Q

Serve as vehicles for transmitting genetic
information

A

Chromosomes

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4
Q

Two major processes involved in the genetic
continuity of nucleated cells:

A

Mitosis
Meiosis

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5
Q

Production of two cells with the same number
of chromosomes as the parent cell.

A

Mitosis

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6
Q

Reduces the genetic content and the number of
chromosomes by half.

A

Meiosis

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7
Q

It is the unfolding and uncoiling into diffuse network within the nucleus when the cell is not undergoing division.

A

Chromatin

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8
Q

The chromosomes contains a constricted region called the _____.

A

Centromere

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9
Q

Short arm of Centromere is called _____.

A

P Arm

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10
Q

Long arm of the Centromere is called ______.

A

Q Arm

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11
Q

If the centromere is in the middle, what is its designation?

A

Metacentric

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12
Q

If the centromere is in between the middle, and end, what is its designation?

A

Submetacentric

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13
Q

If the centromere is close to end, what is its designation?

A

Acrocentric

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14
Q

If the centromere is at the end, what is its designation?

A

Telocentric

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15
Q

All somatic cells derived from members of the same species contain an identical number of chromosomes and this is referred to as _____.

A

Diploid Number (2n)

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16
Q

With the exception of sex chromosomes, chromosomes exist in pairs called _____.

A

Homologous Chromosomes

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17
Q

Replicas of one another and would separate into two new cells during cell division.

A

Sister Chromatids

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18
Q

The _____ is equal to onehalf of the diploid number.

A

Haploid Number (n)

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19
Q

Specific location of a gene within a genome.

A

Locus (plural for Loci)

20
Q

In a population of members of same species, many different forms of the same gene, called _____.

A

Alleles

21
Q

Humans have how many Chromosomes?

A

46 Chromosomes

22
Q

Humans have how many pair of Chromosomes?

A

23 pairs

23
Q

Chromosomes of a female human:

A

Two homologous X Chromosomes

24
Q

Chromosomes of a male human:

A

1 X Chromosome
1 Y Chromosome

25
Q

The genetic material is partitioned into daughter cells during nuclear division _____.

A

Karyokinesis

26
Q

Cytoplasmic division is also called as _____.

A

Cytokinesis

27
Q

A series of events that describe the sequence of activities a cell prepares for division and then divides.

A

Cell Cycle

28
Q

Main Stages of the Cell Cycle:

A

Interphase
Mitosis

29
Q

Stages under the Interphase:

A

G1
S Phase
G2

30
Q

A phase in the Interphase stage where the DNA replication happens.

A

S Phase

31
Q

Stage in the Cell Cycle where the cells die.

A

G0

32
Q

Stages under the Mitosis Stage of Cell Cycle: (In Order)

A

Prophase
Prometaphase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

33
Q

If the cell is in G1 Phase, it will follow 2 paths which can either be:

A

(1) Withdraw from the cycle, become quiescent,
and enter the G0 stage.
(2) Become committed to proceed through G1 and complete the cycle.

34
Q

True or False

The Chromosomes are visible during interphase.

A

False

The Chromosomes are not visible during interphase.

35
Q

Stage where the centrioles migrate to opposite ends of the cell.

A

Prophase

36
Q

The sister chromatids are held together by protein complexes called _____.

A

Cohesin

37
Q

Refers to the period of chromosome movement.

A

Prometaphase

38
Q

The chromosome configuration following migration.

A

Metaphase

39
Q

The midline region of the cell.

A

Metaphase Plate

40
Q

An assemble of multilayered plates of proteins associated with the centromere.

A

Kinetochore

41
Q

Shortest stage of Mitosis.

A

Anaphase

42
Q

During this phase, the sister chromatids of each chromosome, separate from one another and pulled to opposite ends of the cell.

A

Anaphase

43
Q

Separation of sister chromatids is an event described as _____.

A

Disjunction

44
Q

After the separation of the sister chromatids of each chromosome and pulled to the opposite ends of the cell, each migrating chromatid is now called as _____.

A

Daughter Chromosome

45
Q

Two complete sets of chromosomes are present, one on each pole. This phase is called _____.

A

Telophase

46
Q

Partitioning the cytoplasm in order to produce two new cells from one.

A

Cytokinesis

Cytogenetics (7 decks)

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