Cell Cycle and Mitosis Flashcards
An organism’s DNA, containing arrays of genes, is organized into structures called _____.
Chromosomes
Function of Chromosomes:
Serve as vehicles for transmitting genetic information
Serve as vehicles for transmitting genetic
information
Chromosomes
Two major processes involved in the genetic
continuity of nucleated cells:
Mitosis
Meiosis
Production of two cells with the same number
of chromosomes as the parent cell.
Mitosis
Reduces the genetic content and the number of
chromosomes by half.
Meiosis
It is the unfolding and uncoiling into diffuse network within the nucleus when the cell is not undergoing division.
Chromatin
The chromosomes contains a constricted region called the _____.
Centromere
Short arm of Centromere is called _____.
P Arm
Long arm of the Centromere is called ______.
Q Arm
If the centromere is in the middle, what is its designation?
Metacentric
If the centromere is in between the middle, and end, what is its designation?
Submetacentric
If the centromere is close to end, what is its designation?
Acrocentric
If the centromere is at the end, what is its designation?
Telocentric
All somatic cells derived from members of the same species contain an identical number of chromosomes and this is referred to as _____.
Diploid Number (2n)
With the exception of sex chromosomes, chromosomes exist in pairs called _____.
Homologous Chromosomes
Replicas of one another and would separate into two new cells during cell division.
Sister Chromatids
The _____ is equal to onehalf of the diploid number.
Haploid Number (n)
Specific location of a gene within a genome.
Locus (plural for Loci)
In a population of members of same species, many different forms of the same gene, called _____.
Alleles
Humans have how many Chromosomes?
46 Chromosomes
Humans have how many pair of Chromosomes?
23 pairs
Chromosomes of a female human:
Two homologous X Chromosomes
Chromosomes of a male human:
1 X Chromosome
1 Y Chromosome
The genetic material is partitioned into daughter cells during nuclear division _____.
Karyokinesis
Cytoplasmic division is also called as _____.
Cytokinesis
A series of events that describe the sequence of activities a cell prepares for division and then divides.
Cell Cycle
Main Stages of the Cell Cycle:
Interphase
Mitosis
Stages under the Interphase:
G1
S Phase
G2
A phase in the Interphase stage where the DNA replication happens.
S Phase
Stage in the Cell Cycle where the cells die.
G0
Stages under the Mitosis Stage of Cell Cycle: (In Order)
Prophase
Prometaphase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
If the cell is in G1 Phase, it will follow 2 paths which can either be:
(1) Withdraw from the cycle, become quiescent,
and enter the G0 stage.
(2) Become committed to proceed through G1 and complete the cycle.
True or False
The Chromosomes are visible during interphase.
False
The Chromosomes are not visible during interphase.
Stage where the centrioles migrate to opposite ends of the cell.
Prophase
The sister chromatids are held together by protein complexes called _____.
Cohesin
Refers to the period of chromosome movement.
Prometaphase
The chromosome configuration following migration.
Metaphase
The midline region of the cell.
Metaphase Plate
An assemble of multilayered plates of proteins associated with the centromere.
Kinetochore
Shortest stage of Mitosis.
Anaphase
During this phase, the sister chromatids of each chromosome, separate from one another and pulled to opposite ends of the cell.
Anaphase
Separation of sister chromatids is an event described as _____.
Disjunction
After the separation of the sister chromatids of each chromosome and pulled to the opposite ends of the cell, each migrating chromatid is now called as _____.
Daughter Chromosome
Two complete sets of chromosomes are present, one on each pole. This phase is called _____.
Telophase
Partitioning the cytoplasm in order to produce two new cells from one.
Cytokinesis
