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Cytogenetics > Meiosis and Chromosome Morphology > Flashcards

Meiosis and Chromosome Morphology Flashcards

1
Q

Produces gametes or spores characterized by only one haploid set of chromosomes

A

Meiosis

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2
Q

The gametes produced by Meiosis must contain _____

A

One member of each homologous pair of chromosome

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3
Q

Stages in Meiosis I

A

Prophase I
Metaphase I
Anaphase I
Telophase I

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4
Q

Stages in Meiosis II

A

Prophase II
Metaphase II
Anaphase II
Telophase II

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5
Q

The first meiotic division is also called _____

A

Reductional Division

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6
Q

Prophase I is subdivided into 5 stages which are:

A

Leptotene
Zygotene
Pachytene
Diplotene
Diakinesis

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7
Q

“Thin thread”

A

Leptotene

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8
Q

The chromosomes first become
visible as long, thread-like structures. Numerous dense granules appear at irregular intervals along their length.

A

Leptotene

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9
Q

“Paired Thread”

A

Zygotene

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10
Q

Marked by lateral pairing (synapsis) of homologous chromosomes, beginning at the chromosome tips. It results in a precise chromomere-by-chromomere association.

A

Zygotene

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11
Q

Synapsis is accompanied by the synthesis of _____

A

Synaptonemal Complex

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12
Q

A protein structure that helps to hold the homologous chromosomes together

A

Synaptonemal

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13
Q

Each pair of synapsed homologous chromosomes is referred to as _____

A

Bivalent

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14
Q

“Thick thread”

A

Pachytene

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15
Q

Condensation of chromosome
continues. During this period, the chromosomes shorten and
thicken.

A

Pachytene

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16
Q

Genetic exchange or crossing overs takes place on this stage.

A

Pachytene

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17
Q

“Double thread”

A

Diplotene

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18
Q

The synaptonemal complex breaks down and the synapsed chromosomes begin to separate.

A

Diplotene

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19
Q

Formed by a breakage and rejoining between non-sister chromatids

A

Chiasma

20
Q

A term for cross-connection

A

Chiasma

21
Q

“Moving apart”

A

Diakenesis

22
Q

The homologous chromosomes seem to repel each other, and the segments
not connected by chiasmata move apart.

A

Diakinesis

23
Q

It is at this substage that the chromosomes attain their maximum condensation.

A

Diakinesis

24
Q

Near the end of Diakinesis, the formation of a _____ is initiated, and the _____ breaks down.

A

Spindle
Nuclear envelope

25
Q

The phase where the bivalents become positioned with the centromeres of the two homologous chromosomes on
opposite sides

A

Metaphase I

26
Q

The homologous chromosomes separate from one another and move to opposite poles of the spindle.

A

Anaphase I

27
Q

A haploid set of chromosomes consisting of one homolog from each bivalent is located near each pole
of the spindle.

A

Telophase I

28
Q

The second meiotic division is also called _____

A

Equational Division

29
Q

The centromeres divide longitudinally and the chromatids of each chromosome move to opposite
poles of the spindle.

A

Anaphase II

30
Q

Once the centromere has split at anaphase II, each chromatid
is considered a _____

A

Separate Chromosome

31
Q

Transition to the interphase condition of the chromosomes in the four haploid nuclei, accompanied by the division of the cytoplasm.

A

Telophase II

32
Q

Identify if Mitosis or Meiosis:

One division

A

Mitosis

33
Q

Identify if Mitosis or Meiosis:

Two divisions

A

Meiosis

34
Q

Identify if Mitosis or Meiosis:

Two daughter cells per cycle

A

Mitosis

35
Q

Identify if Mitosis or Meiosis:

Four daughter cells per cycle

A

Meiosis

36
Q

Identify if Mitosis or Meiosis:

Chromosome number of daughter cells as that of parent cell (2n)

A

Mitosis

37
Q

Identify if Mitosis or Meiosis:

Chromosome number of daughter cells half of that of parent cell (1n)

A

Meiosis

38
Q

Identify if Mitosis or Meiosis:

Occurs in somatic cells

A

Mitosis

39
Q

Identify if Mitosis or Meiosis:

Occurs in germline cells

A

Meiosis

40
Q

Identify if Mitosis or Meiosis:

Occurs throughout life cycle

A

Mitosis

41
Q

Identify if Mitosis or Meiosis:

In humans, completes after sexual maturity

A

Meiosis

42
Q

Identify if Mitosis or Meiosis:

Used for growth, repair, and asexual reproduction

A

Mitosis

43
Q

Identify if Mitosis or Meiosis:

Used for sexual reproduction, producing new gene combination

A

Meiosis

44
Q

A process that takes place in the testes

A

Spermatogenesis

45
Q

A process that occurs in the ovaries

A

Oogenesis

46
Q

The daughter cell with very little surrounding cytoplasm is called _____

A

Polar body

47
Q

The other daughter cell produced by the first meiotic division and contain most of the cytoplasm is called the _____

A

Secondary oocyte

Cytogenetics (7 decks)

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