Review of Immunology Pt. 1 Flashcards
The main role of the ____ is to prevent or reduce the severity of infections (whether they it is causes by bacteria , fungi, or parasites, such as protozoa and worms.)
Immune system
What is the first line of defense in the immune system?
Intact skin and Mucous membranes
Mouth, skin, eyes, secretions (lysozyme)
mucous membranes
What is second line of immune defense if microbe has breached mucous membranes?
Innate immune system
Non-specific destruction, rapid response. Components are fully formed and active. Preventative. Wide range.
Innate Immune
Skin, stomach acid, body temp, salinity
Examples of innate barriers
What is a neutrophils ability to engulf & ingest and subsequently destroy a microbe an example of (oxygen dependent)?
Innate immune reaction
Phagocytic leukocytes, antimicrobial proteins, inflammatory responses, fever are all what?
Second line of defense in innate immunity
-Lymphocytes
-Antibodies
-Memory Cells are all what
Specific defenses in adaptive immunity
Neutrophil & natural killer cells kill foreign cells without the need of specificity this is the an ____ characteristic
innate
What 2 things does the innate immunity NOT have?
- no improvement
- no memory
Keratin layer on ski, lysozyme, respiratory cilia, low pH, surface phagocytes, defenses, normal flora
ARE all what?
Factors limiting entry of microb INTO body (innate)
NK cells, Neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, interferons, complement, transferring & lactoferrin, fever, inflammatory response,
are all what>
Factors limiting growth of microb (innate)
Two major function of innate hose defense?
- kill invaders
- Activate adaptive immune processes.
Disease where there is only innate immunity No adaptive, resulting in suffering from repeated life threatening infections.
Sever Combined Immunodeficiency disease (SCID)
Receptors found in innate immune system effectors that detect foreign molecular patterns.
They look at repeated lipoprotein, DNA structure, & protein structures.
Innate. Once they find PAMPS they trigger response.
Toll-Like Receptors
Common pathogen associated molecular patterns found in a great number of foreign microbes
PAMPS
CD14 on macrophages is co-receptor for TLR4, which can identify a specific PAMO found on LPS of outer membrane of gram - bacteria. This is an example of?
A toll like receptor recognizing a PAMP
NF-kB is a _________ that activates immune response gene which produces immune mediator to promote inflammation
nuclear transcription factor
TLRs can also mediate both acute and chronic ____
Inflmation
what are these?
Toll like receptors
Complement immunity
innate or adaptive?
Humoral or Cell mediated?
Innate + humoral
B-cells and antibodies?
innate or adaptive?
Humoral or Cell mediated?
Adaptive + humoral
Macrophages & NK cells
innate or adaptive?
Humoral or Cell mediated?
Innate + cell mediated
Helper T cells and cytotoxic T cells
innate or adaptive?
Humoral or Cell mediated?
Adaptive + cell mediated
Protein based response
Humoral response
Cell based
Cell mediated response
Highly specific reaction, takes several days to kick in due to required gene activation, improves following exposure, has memory!
Adaptive immune response
Main adaptive defense agains extracellular, encapsulated, pyogenic bacteria defense to neutralize toxins?
Humoral Immunity
What response would staph or strep get?
Humoral antibody response.
If the cytokines IL-4 & IL-5 are activated by they helper CD4 T-cell, what does this causes?
Take care of issue with Humoral response! Create antibodies.
If the cytokines Il-2 is activated by CD4- T-Cell what does this cause?
Cell mediated response!
main defense against intracellular microbes?
Cell mediated response!
What responds to intracellular bacteria like Mycobacterium Tb?
Cell mediated response, Helper T-cells & macrophages.
Nuclear transciritonal activator for CD4 T Helper cells
IL-2
Antibody or cell mediated?
Host defense agains infection (opsizinzation, neutralize toxins viruses)?
Humoral (antibody) mediated (b-cells)
Antibody or cell mediated?
Allergy (hypersensitivity type 1-3), ex. hay fever, anaphylactic shock
Humoral (antibody) mediated (b-cells)
Antibody or cell mediated?
Autoimmunity?
Humoral (antibody) mediated (b-cells)
Antibody or cell mediated?
Host defense agains infection (M. Tb, fungi, virus infected cells)
Cell-mediated (T-cells)
Antibody or cell mediated?
Allergy (type 4 hypersensitivity) ex. poison oak
Cell-mediated (T-cells)
Antibody or cell mediated?
Graft and tumor rejection
Cell-mediated (T-cells)