Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

LOCO 2 > Review of Connective Tissue Disorders > Flashcards

Review of Connective Tissue Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Where does skeletal muscle act upon the tendon

A

Myotendinous junction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is tendinitis

A

Small tears within a tendon cause localised inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What causes tendinitis

A

Overuse

Collagen disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Name 3 common sites of tendonitis

A
  • Lateral epicondyle
  • Achilles tendinits
  • Supraspinatus tendinitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How can tendinitis be treated

A

RICE
Analgesics/ NSAID
Stretching
Surgery if very serious

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How may partial achilles tendon tears heal

A

By forming heterotopic calcified regions– heterotopic ossification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What signals are involved in conversion from mesenchyma stem cells to hypertophic chondrocytes

A

COX-2 independent andCOX-2 dependent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What signals work on the hypertrophic chondrocytes to form bone cells

A

VEGF
Cyr61
RANKL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What happens when VEGF, Cyr61 and RANKL are activated

A

Angiogenesis
Osteoclast recruitment
Osteogenesis
Fracture bridging

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What drugs can inhibit formation of heterotopic calcified regions

A

NSAIDs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the consequence of large calcification points forming in the tendon

A

Becomes more brittle

May rupture/ fracture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Why do tendons take a long time to heal

A

They are avascular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How does injury healing occur in extrinsic tendons

A

By peripheral fibroblasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is an intrinsic tendon

A

Any tendon covered by a tendon sheath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How are instrinsic tendons healed

A

Fibroblasts from the tendon shealth themself

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the 2 types of enthesis

A

Fibrous and fibrocartilaginous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is a fibrous enthesis

A

Fibrous tissue extending all the way up to the point of bone insertion
Collagen fibres insert into bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is a fibrocartilaginous

A

Small section of fibrocartilage at the attachment site

Helps to stiffen to tendon/ ligament and creates a gradual change in mechanical properties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

If theres little movement of tendon/ ligament, what kind of enthesis will there be

A

Fibrous

20
Q

Define enthesis

A

Any point of attachment for tendon/ ligament inserting into bone

21
Q

What is enthesitis

A

Inflammation of the enthesis

22
Q

What can cause enthesitis

A

Recurring stress

Autoimmune disease

23
Q

What arthropathies is enthesitis associated with

A

HLA B27

24
Q

Where do enthesis normally insert into

A

Porous bone where there are lots of small transcortical vessels

25
Q

What happens when there is a mechanical traume to enthesis

A

Inflammatory process causes production of osteoblasts causing heterotropic calcification at the insertion point
Osteoblasts move into enthesis

26
Q

Name 3 comorbid conditions associated with enthesitis

A

Inflammatory bowel disease
Psoriatic arthritis
Ankylosing spondylitis

27
Q

How would enthesitis appear on an x-ray

A

There is an identifiable bone spur/ nodule at the insertion site

28
Q

How do enthesophytes differ from osteophytes

A

Originate from joint capsule, tendon or ligament

The articular border is not involved and osteophytes originate from here

29
Q

How should enthesitis be treated from a mechanical perspective

A

RICE

NSAIDs

30
Q

How should enthesitis be treated from an inflammatory perspective

A 
Sulfasalzine/ methotrexate
Anti-TNF
Radiotherapy
Corticosteroid injection
Hyperosmolar dextrose injection
31
Q

When is anti-TNF used to treat enthesitis

A

In isolated incidents

32
Q

What is the relation between ankylosing spondylitis and enthesitis

A

Ankylosing spondylitis is enthesitis of IV disc and anterior longitudinal ligament

33
Q

How can you tell apart achilles tenditiis and achilles enthesitis

A

Enthesitis is lower down

34
Q

What is the role of the tendon sheath

A

Cushions tendon
Guides tendon
Tendon nutrition

35
Q

How are tendons given nutrition by tendon sheath

A

Synovial fluid from tendosynovial shealth

Vincula blood supply

36
Q

What is De Quervians tenosynovitis

A

Fibrosis and narrowing of the tendon sheath

Caused by tendons and sheath rubbing over radial styloid process

37
Q

What is trigger finger

A

Enlargement of tendon within the sheath

38
Q

How is trigger finger treated surgically

A

Cut theannular ligament

39
Q

How is De Quervians tenosynovitis treated surgically

A

Shave the radial styloid process

40
Q

What are the signs/ symptoms of systemic lupus

A 
Fatigue
Fever
Weght chances
Small joints swell
Asymmetrical pain
Photosensitivity
Neuropsychiatric probs
Pulmonary fibrosis
GI problem
41
Q

What hypersensitivity reaction is responsible for lupus

A

Mainly 3, a bit of 2

42
Q

Briefly describe the pathophysiology of lupus

A
  • Immune complexes cause damage to blood vessels and connective tissue
43
Q

What % of SLE patients develop arthralgia

A

90%

44
Q

What is Jaccoud arthropathy

A

Hand deformities due to tendinitis/ tenosynovitis

Looks like RA but can be moved back into normal position- non erosive and no joint involement

45
Q

What staining is used for lupus diagnosis

A

anti nuclear antibody staining

46
Q

How can lupus be treated

A

Biological DMARDS
Belumumab
Rituximab

47
Q

Mechanism of action of ritiximab

A

C20 blocker

LOCO 2 (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions