Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

LOCO 2 > Bone and joint problems in children > Flashcards

Bone and joint problems in children Flashcards

1
Q

When are flat and club foot present

A

At birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

When is Perthe’s disease seen

A

4-8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

When is SUFE seen

A

11-16

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

When is toe walking seen

A

When child starts walking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Why are children prone to musculoskeletal

A

Skeleton softer, growing, epiphyseal growth plates can slip

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Are musculoskeletal conditions seen more in girls or boys

A

Boys (growth spurts mean bone and cartilage growth isn’t matched)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Do childrens musculoskeletal problems more commonly affect upper or lower limb

A

Lower

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Why may arch not fully develop in the foot

A
  • Mishapen bones can’t form arch

- Muscle imbalance (weak dorsiflexors so arch collapses)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How may flat foot be tended

A

Surgery to tighten tendons/ ligaments

Orthotics to mould the foot into more normal shape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

By what age should toe walking disappear

A

Age 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the consequences of habitual toe walking

A

Shortened plantar flexors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What may persistent toe walking be linked to in older children

A

Cerebral palsy
Nervous system problems
DMD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How may toe walking to treated?

A
  • Put child in braces to cast foot and ankle to stretch out calf muscles
  • Physiotherapy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the clinical name for club foot

A

Talipes equinovarus (looks like a horses hoof and points inwards)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How many babies are born with club foot

A

1 in 1000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Why is club foot thought to happen

A

Wrong amount of amniotic fluid, so baby can’t move legs and feet are constrained

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What presentation in club foot associated with

A

Breech (baby can’t turn)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How is club foot treated

A

Ponseti method: manipulative technique to correct clubfoot without invasive surgery

19
Q

Which sex is congenital hip dysplasia seen in

A

Female

20
Q

What skeletal disorders is congenital hip dysplasia seen in

A

Clubfoot

Scoliosis

21
Q

What is the Galeazzi sign

A

Look at the height of the knee- one will be shorter if hip is dislocated
Only works if unilateral

22
Q

What is the Barlow test

A

Adduct and push downwards to try and dislocate hip

Diagnostic of ddh

23
Q

What is the ortolani test

A

Abduct hips to try and relocate the hip

Fingers push femur forward into acetabulum

24
Q

How is ultrasound used to interpret developmental dysplasia of the hip

A

Measure the alpha angle

It should be less than 60

25
Q

What diagnostic lines can you see on an x-ray

A
  • See where the femoral head is relative to the acetabulum
  • Perkins line- vertical line from anterior inferior iliac spine down. Allows to see position of head relative to acetabulum. 2/3 of head should be medial to this line
26
Q

How is congenital dysplasia of hip treated

A
  • Closed reduction and immobolisation
27
Q

What can result is CHD is not treated properly

A

Femoral nerve compressed

Avascular necrosis

28
Q

What position does spica cast hold legs in

A

Flexion and abduction

29
Q

What is Perthes disease

A

Self limiting avascular necrosis of the femoral head

30
Q

How long does Perthes disease last for

A

18-24 months

31
Q

Name 4 stages of Perthes disease

A

Necrosis
Fragmentation
Reossification
Remodelling

32
Q

How do you treat Perthes disease

A
  • Support femoral head/ hip
  • Bed rest
  • ## Cast/ braces
33
Q

What does SUFE stand for

A

Slipped upper femoral epiphysis

Actual neck of shaft displaces- epiphysis stays where it is

34
Q

What ages is SUFE most common in

A

10-17 years

35
Q

Which hip is more commonly affect ed by SUFE

A

Left

36
Q

Aeitology of SUFE

A

Obesity
Hypothyroidism
Trauma

37
Q

How does SUFE appear

A

Femoral head ‘fallen’

Epiphysis looks wider and wrinkly

38
Q

What is acute on chronic SUFE

A

Slippage occurs acutely on existing chronic slip

39
Q

How to treat SUFE

A

Rest
Analgesia
Surgery to close epiphyseal growth plate

40
Q

What is Blounts disease

A

Growth problem of distal tibia causing bow legs

41
Q

What is osgood-schlatters

A

Disturbance of endochondral ossification

42
Q

What is the most common cause of knee pain in children

A

Osgood- Schlatters

43
Q

Most likely cause of Osgood- Schlatters

A

repeated traction from patellar ligament

LOCO 2 (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions