Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

LOCO 2 > Fractures and bone healing > Flashcards

Fractures and bone healing Flashcards

1
Q

At what age are fractures most common

A

Men: <45
Women: >45

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What type of fracture is most common if aged <70

A

Colles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What type of fracture is most common if aged >70

A

Hip

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a closed fracture vs open

A

Closed- bone fragments don’t pierce the skin

Open- they do

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a transverse fracture

A
  • A fracture where the fracture line is perpendicular to the shaft of the bone
  • Usually caysed by direct applied force to fracture site
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a spiral fracture

A

aka oblique

Caused by violence transmitted through limb from a distance such as twisting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a compression factor

A

Fracture in cancellous bone as result of compression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What changes to the trabecular bone occur during ages 30-80

A

Elasticity of trabecular bone <64%
Strength decrease by 68
Toughness by 70

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is a burst fracture

A

Compression of the vertebrae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where are burst fractures most common

A

Thoracic-lumbar junction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is an avulsion fracture

A

Fracture that occurs where tendon/ ligament attaches to bone

Bony fragment usually torn off by tendon/ ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is fracture dislocation/ subluxation

A

Fracture involving a joint which results in mal-alignment of joint surfaces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is an impacted fracture

A

Bone fragments impacted into each other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a comminuted fracture

A

2 or bone pieces involved

High energy trauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is a stress fracture

A

Abnormal stress on normal bone (fatigue)

Normal stress on abnormal bone (insufficiency)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is a torus fracture

A

Occurs in softer bones

Axial loading causing trabecular compression causing one side of the bone to buckle and the cortex heals

17
Q

What is a greenstick fracture

A

Children

Bones soft and bend without fracturing completely

18
Q

What complications may arise from a epiphyseal growth plate fracture

A

Interference with growth

19
Q

What is the first stage of bone healing

A

Fracture haematoma
Blood from broken vessels forms a clot
Swelling and inflammation to dead bone cells at fracture site

20
Q

What is the time scale for formation of fracture haematoma

A

6-8 hours post injury

21
Q

What is a fracture haematoma characterised by

A

Hypoxia
Low ph
Pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines with inflammatory cells from peripheral cells

22
Q

What happens during the initial inflammation phase of bone healing

A

Immune cells rapidly recruited

Neutrophils first, then macrophages then lymphocytes

23
Q

What is the second stage of bone formation

A

Fibrocartilaginous callus

24
Q

What happens during the formation of a fibrocartilaginous callus

A

New capillaries organise fracture hamatoma into granulation tissue called procallus
Fibroblasts and osteogenic cells invade procallus
Make collagen fibres which connect ends together
Chondroblasts begin to produce fibrocartilage

25
Q

When is fibrocartilaginous callus formed until

A

3 weeks

26
Q

What happenes during soft callus formation

A
  • inflammatory cells
  • organisation and resorption of clot
  • fibroblass enter and differentiate as chondrocytes
  • chondrocytes produce collagen that bridgets fracture site cartilage and trabecular bone laid down
27
Q

When does bony callus happen

A

3 weeks-3/4 months

28
Q

What happens in bony callus formation

A

Osteoblasts make woven bone

29
Q

How does bone remodelling work

A
  • Osteoclasts remodel woven into compact and trabecular bone

- Often no trace of fracture line

30
Q

Consequences of fracturing epiphyseal growth plate

A

Interference with growth

31
Q

Describe stage 1 of bone healing

A

Fracture hematoma

  • blood from broken vessels forms a clot
  • Swelling and inflammation to dead bone cells at fracture site
32
Q

How long does stage 1 of bone healing take to happen

A

6-8 hours post injury

LOCO 2 (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions