Review MCAT Flashcards
Hindbrain includes?
cerebellum, meduula oblongata, and reticular formation.
midbrain includes?
inferior and superior colliculi
forebrain includes?
thalamus. hypothamalus, basal ganglia, limbic system, and cerebral cortex.
thalamus?
ralu sation for sensory information
hypothalamus?
maintains homeostasis and integrates with the endocrine system through the hypophyseal portal system that connects it to the anterior pituitary
basal ganlia ?
smoothens movements and helps maintain postural stability
limbic system? its parts?
controls emotion and memory. includes septal nuclei (pleasure seeking), amygdala (fear and aggression), hippocampus (memory) and fornix (communication within the limbic system).
what are the four lobos of the cerebal cortex?
Frontal lobe. parietal lobe occiptal lobe and temporal lobe.
frontal lobe duty?
executive functions, impulse control, long term planning, prefrontal cortex), motor function (primary motor cortex), soeech production (Broca’s area)
speech preception area called? speech production?
preception = wernicke's area in temporal lobe production = broca's arrea in frontal lobe
parietal lobe?
sensation of touch, pressure, temperature, and pain (somatosensory cortex), spatial processing, orientation, and manipulation.
spatial processing, orientation, and manipulation happens in what lobe of the cerebal cortex?
parietal lone
occipital lobe function?
visual processing
temporal lobe function?
sound processing (audiotry cortex), speech perception (wernicke’s area), memory, and emotion (limbic system)
what are the 10 neurotransmitters in the body?
acetylcholine epinephrine and norepinephrine dopamine serotonin GABA glycine glutamate endorphins
acetylcholine responsbile for?
voluntaru muscle control, parasympathetic nervous system, attention, alertness.
epinephrine and norepinephrine does what?
fight or flight responses, wakefulness, alertness
dopamine does what?
smooth movements, postural stability
seotonin does what?
mood, sleep, eating, dreaming
GABA and Glucine does what ?
brain stabilization
glutamate does what ?
brain excitation
endorphins does what?
natural painkillers
sensation vs perception?
sensation is the conversion of physicla stimuli into neurological signals. While perception is the processing of sensory information to make sense of its significance.
sensory stimuli are transmitted to _____ in the brain, which further analyzes sensory input.
projection areas
Weber’s law
yhr just noticeable difference between 2 stimulies is proportional to the magnitude of the stimulus. and this proportion is constant over most range of possible stimuli.
signal detection theory
IDK
Visual pathway?
retina - optic nerve - optic chiasm - optic tracts - lateral geniculate nucleus (lgn) of thalamus - visual radiations - visual cortex
cochlea?
detects sound
utricle and saccule?
detect linear acceleration
semicirular canals ?
detect rotational acceleration
audiotry pathway?
cochlea - vestibulocochlear nerve - medial geniculate nucleus (MGN) of thalamus - auditory cortex
what are papillae? where are they located?
in the tonque (I believe) and contain taste buds
object recognition= two types what are they?
bottom up and top down
bottom up processing (other name?)
(data driven), recognition of objects by parallel processing and feature detection. slower, but less prone to mistakes.
top down processing? (object recognition).
other name?
conceptually driven. recognition of an object based on memory and expectations. little attention to details. faster, but more prone to mistakes.
gastalt principles/
how brain infer missing info of an image.
