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Review MCAT Flashcards

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MCAT flashcards
1
Q

Hindbrain includes?

A

cerebellum, meduula oblongata, and reticular formation.

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2
Q

midbrain includes?

A

inferior and superior colliculi

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3
Q

forebrain includes?

A

thalamus. hypothamalus, basal ganglia, limbic system, and cerebral cortex.

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4
Q

thalamus?

A

ralu sation for sensory information

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5
Q

hypothalamus?

A

maintains homeostasis and integrates with the endocrine system through the hypophyseal portal system that connects it to the anterior pituitary

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6
Q

basal ganlia ?

A

smoothens movements and helps maintain postural stability

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7
Q

limbic system? its parts?

A

controls emotion and memory. includes septal nuclei (pleasure seeking), amygdala (fear and aggression), hippocampus (memory) and fornix (communication within the limbic system).

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8
Q

what are the four lobos of the cerebal cortex?

A

Frontal lobe. parietal lobe occiptal lobe and temporal lobe.

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9
Q

frontal lobe duty?

A

executive functions, impulse control, long term planning, prefrontal cortex), motor function (primary motor cortex), soeech production (Broca’s area)

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10
Q

speech preception area called? speech production?

A 
preception = wernicke's area in temporal lobe
production = broca's arrea in frontal lobe
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11
Q

parietal lobe?

A

sensation of touch, pressure, temperature, and pain (somatosensory cortex), spatial processing, orientation, and manipulation.

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12
Q

spatial processing, orientation, and manipulation happens in what lobe of the cerebal cortex?

A

parietal lone

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13
Q

occipital lobe function?

A

visual processing

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14
Q

temporal lobe function?

A

sound processing (audiotry cortex), speech perception (wernicke’s area), memory, and emotion (limbic system)

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15
Q

what are the 10 neurotransmitters in the body?

A 
acetylcholine 
epinephrine and norepinephrine
dopamine
serotonin
GABA
glycine
glutamate
endorphins
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16
Q

acetylcholine responsbile for?

A

voluntaru muscle control, parasympathetic nervous system, attention, alertness.

17
Q

epinephrine and norepinephrine does what?

A

fight or flight responses, wakefulness, alertness

18
Q

dopamine does what?

A

smooth movements, postural stability

19
Q

seotonin does what?

A

mood, sleep, eating, dreaming

20
Q

GABA and Glucine does what ?

A

brain stabilization

21
Q

glutamate does what ?

A

brain excitation

22
Q

endorphins does what?

A

natural painkillers

23
Q

sensation vs perception?

A

sensation is the conversion of physicla stimuli into neurological signals. While perception is the processing of sensory information to make sense of its significance.

24
Q

sensory stimuli are transmitted to _____ in the brain, which further analyzes sensory input.

A

projection areas

25
Q

Weber’s law

A

yhr just noticeable difference between 2 stimulies is proportional to the magnitude of the stimulus. and this proportion is constant over most range of possible stimuli.

26
Q

signal detection theory

A

IDK

27
Q

Visual pathway?

A

retina - optic nerve - optic chiasm - optic tracts - lateral geniculate nucleus (lgn) of thalamus - visual radiations - visual cortex

28
Q

cochlea?

A

detects sound

29
Q

utricle and saccule?

A

detect linear acceleration

30
Q

semicirular canals ?

A

detect rotational acceleration

31
Q

audiotry pathway?

A

cochlea - vestibulocochlear nerve - medial geniculate nucleus (MGN) of thalamus - auditory cortex

32
Q

what are papillae? where are they located?

A

in the tonque (I believe) and contain taste buds

33
Q

object recognition= two types what are they?

A

bottom up and top down

34
Q

bottom up processing (other name?)

A

(data driven), recognition of objects by parallel processing and feature detection. slower, but less prone to mistakes.

35
Q

top down processing? (object recognition).

other name?

A

conceptually driven. recognition of an object based on memory and expectations. little attention to details. faster, but more prone to mistakes.

36
Q

gastalt principles/

A

how brain infer missing info of an image.

MCAT (6 decks)

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