GCHEM Flashcards
x L = 1 m^3?
x=?
1 L = x cm^3
1000 l = 1 M^3
1 L = 1000 CM
SI unit for molarity?
Moles of solute per liter of solution.
What is the Angstrom?
10^-10 m
order of magnitude
is a factor of ten
from g/cm^3 to kg/m^3 ?
x1000
density of water
1 g/cm^3
empirical formula
lowest ratio of molecular formula
Name NH4+
Ammonium
name H3O+
Hydronium
what is acetate
CH3CO2-
Bicarbonate
HCO3-
What is Cyanide?
CN-
Nitrate
NO3-
Nitrite
NO2-
Perchlorate
CIO4-
Carbonate
CO3 -2
Sulfate
SO4 -2
Sulfite
SO3 -2
Phosphate
PO4 -3
Molecular weight vs formula weight
One for cov molecules and one for ionic molecules
1 mole =
6 x 10^23
moles equation?
moles = mass (g) / molar mass
molarity equation
M = moles / liters`
mole fraction? equation?
page 42 Gchem
how to find the oxidation state /oxidation number
the oxidation state of an atom is the “charge” it would have if the compound were ionic
Rules for assigning oxidation states?
group 1 = +1 groupd 2 =+2 flourine = -1 oxygen = -2 halogens = -1 hydrogen = (if electro-ivity is less than C then +1 if more than C it is -1 if bonded to C then 0).
what is the oxidation number of Oxygen in peroxide? (H2O2 AND Na2O2)
-1
Order of electro-negativity of
N,Cl,Br,F,I,S,H,C)
FON=CIBRISC=H fon-cal-brish
cm^3 is equal to? (in liters)
ml
pressure is ___________ to density
directly proportional.
P inc = V dec = p inc
Tempreture is _________ to density
inversily proportional.
T inc = V inc = p dec
IMF is ___________ to density
dirctly proportional
What is Boyle’s Law?
P is inversily proportional to V
P1V1 = P2V2
What is Charles’s law?
T is directly proportional to V
V1/T1 = V2/T2
Gay-Lussac’s Law?
P is directly proportional to T
P1/T1 = P2/T2
1 atm = _____kPa = ______ torr = ______ mmHg
1 atm = 101 kPa = 760 torr = 760 mmHg
Volume can be in L, mL, cm^3, m^3
1 L = 1000 mL = 1000 cm^3 = 0.001 m^3
1 mL = 1 cm^3
1 L = 0.001 m^3
for gases calculations, the tempreture has to be in _____. volume in _______ pressure in ______ and n ______
kalvin, L, atm, mol
in PV =nRT, what is R?
R is 0.08 (L . atm / k . mol )
1 mol of idea gas has a volume of ________
22.4 Liter
if all is constant, what is the relationship between the following? P and T P and V V and T P and n V and n
inc = inc inc = dec inc = inc inc = inc inc = inc
assumptions about idea gas law?
all collisions are elastic
size of molecules is negligible
no interactions (no IMF)
More temp = more KE
What is cc?
cm^3 looooooooooooooooooooooooool
1 m^3 is _________ L
1000
1 Pa = ????
1 N/m^2
what is STP?
0 C and 1 atm
barometer measaurs what?
pressure
what are the diatomic elements?
The 7 diatomic elements are hydrogen (H), nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), and iodine (I)
idea gas laws dont hold under __________ pressure and _________ tempreture
high pressure and low tempreture
P ideal is _________ than P real
bigger
V ideal is __________ V real
bigger
What is the van der waal equation? what is it for?
for calculation real gases
(P + an^2/V^2) (V - nb) = nRT
What is Graham’s law of effusion? What is effusion in gases? can you say it in terms of V and m?
rate of effusion of gas A / …. of Gas B = squareroot(molar mass B/molar mass A)
effusion is the escape o f a gas molecule through a very tiny hole.
v1/v2 = squareroot (m2/m1)
what is the equation for a reaction rate?
what are the 3 requirements for a reaction to occur?
what factors can affect the rate constant of a reaction?
Temp, and activation energy.
in solutions, intermediate concentrations is approximately
zero
are intermediates of a reaction detectable/isolatable?
yes. what is something that is not detectable/isolatable?
what is the difference between the rate law and the rate equation?
rate law is Rate = k[R]^r
equation is Rate = - 1/r Dalta[R]/time
in equilibrium, K depends on __________ while Q depends on _________
K depends on temp only.
Q depends on both temp and Concentration
what is the equation for Delta G (using Delta G naught)
what is the equation for Delta G naught?
T or F:
in Le chaliteh principle, the stress to the system can be minimized but not fully eliminated.
T
does the addition of inert gases (i.e. gases that do not react with the system) cause stress to the system? what situation is an exception?
no. bcz inert gases do not affect the partial pressure of the reactants or products. the exception is the addition of inert gas to a flexible container bcz more inert gas = higher pressure = higher volume = Ptotal of the system is lower = shift toward the side with more gas moels.
what happens to the equilibrium constant when u reverse a reaction?
it receprocate.
how to find the equilibrium constant of a reaction with multiple steps?
you have to MULTIPLY the Keq for the individual steps (remember to reciprocate any Keq if you inverted a reaction).
what is molar solubility?
the amount of a substance that can dissolve in a specific solvent at a specific temperature.
Given the average rate for the following reaction is 2.25 × 10–2 M/min, how long will it take to generate 0.45 moles of NO2(g) in one liter of solution?
2 N2O5(g) → 4 NO2(g) + O2(g) Question 8 Answer Choices A. 15 minutes B. 5 minutes C. 10 minutes D. 20 minutes
B
2 SO2(g) + O2(g) <=> 2 SO3(g) A chemist adds a reagent to the following equilibrated reaction and immediately observes the forward and reverse reaction rates to increase by 2.14 and 2.29, respectively. Which of the following was most likely added to the reaction?
Question 9 Answer Choices A. SO3(g) B. V2O5(s) C. SO2(g) D. O2(g)
B
The situation here describes the addition of a catalyst to an equilibrated reaction. Catalysts increase the rates of both the forward and reverse reaction by decreasing the activation energy. Addition of a reactant (SO2(g) and O2(g)) would initially increase the rate of the forward reaction alone while adding a product (SO3(g)) would initially increase only the rate of the reverse reaction. Thus V2O5(s) must serve as a catalyst in this reaction and results in the observed rate changes.
what are the steps for the dissolution of an electrolyte? Is it endo or exo?
agitation (endothermic bcz u break the bonds of water with each other)
dissociation (endothermic bcz u break the bond inside the electrolyte molecule)
solvation (exothermic bcz u form bonds between water and the electrolyte)
what are the dissolution steps for polar non-electrolyte? endo or exo?
agitation (endothermic bcz u break the bonds of water with each other)
solvation (exothermic bcz u form bonds between water and the electrolyte)
no dissociation (bcz polar non-electrolyte dont dissociate
what are the disolution steps for non-electrolyte? endo or exo?
only agitation (endo bcz u break water bonds with each other).
Reducing agents have __________ oxidizing potential and a ________ reducing potential
high oxidizing and low reducing potential.
galvanic cells have to be attached to ______
resistor
electrolytic cell have to be attached into _____
power source
in a cell, anode is where (reduction/oxidation) occurs.
oxidation
movement of current is (toward/away from) it.
toward the anode. (electrons move from anade to cathode)
movement of electrons is (toward/away) from anades.
away from the anade.
does positve or negative charges attract toward the anode?
negative charge (anion ~ anode). to replace all the e that was lost.
in a galvanic cell, cathode is the ________ and anode is the ______
cathode = + anode = _
in a electrolytic cell, cathode is the _______ and anade is the ______
cathode = - anode = +
