Review Lecture

Question 1

What does the endoderm become?

Answer 1

Digestive, Urinary, Reproductive system, Liver, Pancreas

Question 2

What does the mesoderm become?

Answer 2

MSK including muscles of digesting system, circulatory system

Question 3

What does the ectoderm become?

Answer 3

EPIDERMIS of skin

Cornea/lens of eye

Nervous System

Question 4

What is spina bifida?

meningocele vs myleomeningocele

Answer 4

Vertebral arch in lower vertebrae fail to fuse

Meningocele: Spinal fluid in sac

Myelomeningocele: Spinal cord in sac

Spina Bifida Occulta: Asymptomatic with tuft of hair

Question 5

What does the Alar Ligament resist?

Transverse ligament?

Answer 5

Excessive Rotation

Holds dens in place

Question 6

Spondylosis

Spondylolysis

Spondylolisthesis

Answer 6

Wear and tear

Hairline fracture

Separation fracture

Question 7

The zygopophyseal joints are in what orientation in Cervical spine?

Thoracic?

Lumbar?

Answer 7

Up Ramp

Flat hand/Stop sign

Ear Muff

Question 8

Trap actions?

Answer 8

Upper trap: Elevation, Upward rotation, contralateral rotation, ipsilateral side bending

Middle: Stabilization, Retraction

Lower: depression, upward rotation

Question 9

Thoracic rule of 3s?

Answer 9

1-3: SP level with vertebrae

3-6: Slightly below

7-9 Level with inferior vertebrae

10-12 Irregular

Question 10

What goes through the suprascapular notch? What does it innervate?

Answer 10

suprascapular nerve
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus

Question 11

What are the three muscles of the transversospinalis group?

What is their action?

Answer 11

Multifidus
Semispinalis (not found in lumbar)
Rotatores

Extend and contralaterally rotate spine

Question 12

What is the innervation of the sternocleidomastoid?

Answer 12

Spinal Accessory Nerve

Question 13

What are the muscle actions of SCM?

Answer 13

Ipsilateral flexion

Contralateral rotation

Extends OA joint

Elevates manubrium

Flexes cervical vertebrae in prone

Question 14

Sternocleidomastoid is the border between what?

Answer 14

Anterior and lateral triangle of neck

Question 15

What is in the carotid triangle ( found in the anterior neck triangle)

Answer 15

common carotid artery, the internal jugular vein, and the hypoglossal and vagus nerves.

Question 16

Does an artery go through the supraspinatus notch?

Answer 16

No

Question 17

What rotator cuff is most commonly torn?

Answer 17

Supraspinatus

Question 18

What nerves come off of the posterior cord?

Answer 18

Upper subscap

Thoracodorsal

Lower subscap

Axillary + Radial Nerve

Question 19

What’s found in the quadrangular space?

Answer 19

axillary nerve and posterior circumflex humeral artery

Question 20

What’s found in the triangular space?

Answer 20

circumflex scapular artery and vein

Question 21

What’s found in the triangular interval?

Answer 21

profunda brachii artery and the radial nerve

Question 22

How many cruciate pulleys are there per finger?

Annular?

Answer 22

Cruciate: 3

Annular: 5

Question 23

Which pulley is involved in trigger finger?

Answer 23

A1