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Anatomy Final > Lungs > Flashcards

Lungs Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 compartments of the thoracic cavity?

A

Upper: Mediastinum

Lower: R/L Pulmonary Cavities

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2
Q

Which ribs are true ribs?

False ribs?

Floating ribs?

A

1-7

8-10

11-12

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3
Q

The rib tubercle articulates with the ____ of the vertebrae

whereas the head of the rib articulates with the ___

A

Transverse process

Body of vertebrae

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4
Q

The 7th rib is between what vertebrae?

A

6 and 7

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5
Q

The 2nd rib is between what vertebrae?

A

T1 and T2

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6
Q

Name these 2 ligaments

A

1: Costotransverse ligament
2. Lateral Costotransverse ligament

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7
Q

What is this ligament called?

A

Superior Costotransverse ligament

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8
Q

What’s the function that ribs make?

A

Breathing

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9
Q

What vertebral level is the sternal angle?

A

T4 T5, also border of sup/inf mediastinum)

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10
Q

Where does the diaphram insert?

A

Xiphoid process

Costal margin of thoracic wall

Ribs 11 and 12

Posterior abdominal wall ligament

Lumbar vertebrae

Origin: central tendon

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11
Q

Where does the vagus nerve pierce the diaphram

A

At T10 with the esophagus

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12
Q

True or false: The phrenic nerve pierces the diaphram

A

False

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13
Q

What travels through the intercostal space?

A

Intercostal Vein
Intercostal Artery
Intercostal Nerve

Note: Nerve is only structure not protected by rib

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14
Q

Do ribs have more motion inferiorly or more superiorly

A

More motion inferiorly

Note: Bucket-handle motion

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15
Q

Upper ribs have more ____ movement

Lower ribs have more _____ movement

A

Anterior

Outward and Up

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16
Q

Why does the thoracic spine have less motion than other parts of the spine?

A

Ribs

Large SP

Small disc/body ratio

Facet orientation is best for rotation/side bending not flexion/etx

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17
Q

What is the innervation of the external and internal intercostal muscles?

A

T1-T11 intercostal nerve

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18
Q

What is the action of the External intercostal

A

Draws rib superiorly to increase thoracic space

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19
Q

What is the muscle action of the internal intercostal?

A

Draws ribs inferiorly to decrease thoracic cavity space and assist with forced exhalation

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20
Q

What is the muscle action of the innermost intercostal?

A

Acts to draw ribs inferiorly (same as internal intercostal)

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21
Q

What does the intercostal VAN run between?

A

Between the internal intercostal innermost intercostal

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22
Q

Identify this muscle

A

Transversus Thoracis

Note: Goes from Xiphoid/Sternum to costal cartilage of Ribs 3-6

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23
Q

Identify this muscle

A

Levator Costarum

Note: Elevates Ribs,
Goes from TP of C7-T11 to ribs

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24
Q

What is the innervation of the Levator Costarum

A

Posterior Rami of C8-T11 Spinal Nerves

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25
Identify artery 1 and 2?
1: Internal Thoracic Artery *parent structure of the Anterior intercostal* 2: Anterior intercostal Artery
26
Identify this artery
Musculophrenic artery
27
What is the parent structure of the musculophrenic artery?
Internal Thoracic Artery
28
What is the parent structure of the Internal Thoracic artery?
Subclavian artery
29
Name this vein
Azygos vein
30
What dermatome is not segmental?
T1
31
What dermatome is the nipple line?
T4
32
What dermatome is the xiphoid process?
T6
33
What dermatome is the belly button?
T10
34
What layer of the Lung Pleura is not innervated
Visceral
35
The superior tip of the lung is just above the ______
First rib
36
True or false: The bottom of the lungs are all the way below the costal margin
False, the lungs do not go below the costal margin
37
Which lung is this?
Right lung
38
Which lung is this?
Left lung
39
How many pulmonary arteries go to the right lung?
2 only 1 goes to the left lung
40
What is this structure called? Which lung is it on? What does it do?
Lingula Left Lung Covers portion of heart
41
The right lung has 2 fissures called what?
Oblique and horizontal fissure The left lung only has Oblique fissures
42
Which lobes are divided by the horizontal fissure?
Superior and middle lobe
43
The root of the lung is the collection of the _____ ______
Great vessels
44
The Hilum of the lungs is what?
The passageway in the lung for the great vessels
45
At what vertebral level does the trachea split into L/R Bronchus
T4/T5 Note: this is also the division of the superior and inferior mediastinum
46
Review this
47
Review this
48
Pneumothorax is caused by what?
Air in pleural cavity prevents lung from expanding Note: the air is between the parietal and viseral pleura
49
What is this space called?
Costodiaphragmatic recess Also note the costomediastinal recess above
50
True or false: The thoracic duct is a great vessel
False Note: it feeds into the L subclavian vein
51
What are the nerve roots of the phrenic nerve
C3-C5
52
What is the course of the phrenic nerve
Between anterior/middle scalene -> behind great veins -> lateral to each side of heart -> **anterior to vagus nerve ** -> innervates diaphram
53
Note the grooves in the right lung
54
What is this structure in the left lung?
Grove for aortic arch and groove for descending aorta
55
What airways are considered external?
Nasal Passage -> Pharynx -> Larynx -> Superior Trachea (Outside of thorax)
56
What airways are considered internal
Lower Trachea -> Terminal Bronchiole -> Respiratory Bronchiole -> Alveoli
57
Where does the Conducting airway end and the Respiratory airway start
Conducting ends: Terminal Bronchiole Respiratory starts: Respiratory Bronchiole
58
What is the voicebox called?
Larynx
59
What does the epiglottis do?
Closes trachea when swallowing to prevent aspiration of food/liquid
60
Note the order of the air passageways!
61
The main bronchus splits into what?
Lobar Bronchi
62
The lobar broncus splits into what?
Segmental bronchi
63
Where are gasses exchanged in the lungs?
Alveolus
64
What are the most common types of COPD?
Chronic Bronchitis Emphysema Another: Asthma
65
What is COPD
Progressive disease that makes breathing difficult

Anatomy Final (9 decks)

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