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Anatomy Final > Lungs > Flashcards

Lungs Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 compartments of the thoracic cavity?

A

Upper: Mediastinum

Lower: R/L Pulmonary Cavities

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2
Q

Which ribs are true ribs?

False ribs?

Floating ribs?

A

1-7

8-10

11-12

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3
Q

The rib tubercle articulates with the ____ of the vertebrae

whereas the head of the rib articulates with the ___

A

Transverse process

Body of vertebrae

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4
Q

The 7th rib is between what vertebrae?

A

6 and 7

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5
Q

The 2nd rib is between what vertebrae?

A

T1 and T2

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6
Q

Name these 2 ligaments

A

1: Costotransverse ligament
2. Lateral Costotransverse ligament

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7
Q

What is this ligament called?

A

Superior Costotransverse ligament

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8
Q

What’s the function that ribs make?

A

Breathing

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9
Q

What vertebral level is the sternal angle?

A

T4 T5, also border of sup/inf mediastinum)

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10
Q

Where does the diaphram insert?

A

Xiphoid process

Costal margin of thoracic wall

Ribs 11 and 12

Posterior abdominal wall ligament

Lumbar vertebrae

Origin: central tendon

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11
Q

Where does the vagus nerve pierce the diaphram

A

At T10 with the esophagus

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12
Q

True or false: The phrenic nerve pierces the diaphram

A

False

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13
Q

What travels through the intercostal space?

A

Intercostal Vein
Intercostal Artery
Intercostal Nerve

Note: Nerve is only structure not protected by rib

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14
Q

Do ribs have more motion inferiorly or more superiorly

A

More motion inferiorly

Note: Bucket-handle motion

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15
Q

Upper ribs have more ____ movement

Lower ribs have more _____ movement

A

Anterior

Outward and Up

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16
Q

Why does the thoracic spine have less motion than other parts of the spine?

A

Ribs

Large SP

Small disc/body ratio

Facet orientation is best for rotation/side bending not flexion/etx

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17
Q

What is the innervation of the external and internal intercostal muscles?

A

T1-T11 intercostal nerve

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18
Q

What is the action of the External intercostal

A

Draws rib superiorly to increase thoracic space

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19
Q

What is the muscle action of the internal intercostal?

A

Draws ribs inferiorly to decrease thoracic cavity space and assist with forced exhalation

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20
Q

What is the muscle action of the innermost intercostal?

A

Acts to draw ribs inferiorly (same as internal intercostal)

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21
Q

What does the intercostal VAN run between?

A

Between the internal intercostal innermost intercostal

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22
Q

Identify this muscle

A

Transversus Thoracis

Note: Goes from Xiphoid/Sternum to costal cartilage of Ribs 3-6

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23
Q

Identify this muscle

A

Levator Costarum

Note: Elevates Ribs,
Goes from TP of C7-T11 to ribs

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24
Q

What is the innervation of the Levator Costarum

A

Posterior Rami of C8-T11 Spinal Nerves

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25
Q

Identify artery 1 and 2?

A

1: Internal Thoracic Artery parent structure of the Anterior intercostal

2: Anterior intercostal Artery

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26
Q

Identify this artery

A

Musculophrenic artery

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27
Q

What is the parent structure of the musculophrenic artery?

A

Internal Thoracic Artery

28
Q

What is the parent structure of the Internal Thoracic artery?

A

Subclavian artery

29
Q

Name this vein

A

Azygos vein

30
Q

What dermatome is not segmental?

A

T1

31
Q

What dermatome is the nipple line?

A

T4

32
Q

What dermatome is the xiphoid process?

A

T6

33
Q

What dermatome is the belly button?

A

T10

34
Q

What layer of the Lung Pleura is not innervated

A

Visceral

35
Q

The superior tip of the lung is just above the ______

A

First rib

36
Q

True or false: The bottom of the lungs are all the way below the costal margin

A

False, the lungs do not go below the costal margin

37
Q

Which lung is this?

A

Right lung

38
Q

Which lung is this?

A

Left lung

39
Q

How many pulmonary arteries go to the right lung?

A

2

only 1 goes to the left lung

40
Q

What is this structure called?

Which lung is it on?

What does it do?

A

Lingula

Left Lung

Covers portion of heart

41
Q

The right lung has 2 fissures called what?

A

Oblique and horizontal fissure

The left lung only has Oblique fissures

42
Q

Which lobes are divided by the horizontal fissure?

A

Superior and middle lobe

43
Q

The root of the lung is the collection of the _____ ______

A

Great vessels

44
Q

The Hilum of the lungs is what?

A

The passageway in the lung for the great vessels

45
Q

At what vertebral level does the trachea split into L/R Bronchus

A

T4/T5

Note: this is also the division of the superior and inferior mediastinum

46
Q

Review this

A
47
Q

Review this

A
48
Q

Pneumothorax is caused by what?

A

Air in pleural cavity prevents lung from expanding

Note: the air is between the parietal and viseral pleura

49
Q

What is this space called?

A

Costodiaphragmatic recess

Also note the costomediastinal recess above

50
Q

True or false: The thoracic duct is a great vessel

A

False

Note: it feeds into the L subclavian vein

51
Q

What are the nerve roots of the phrenic nerve

A

C3-C5

52
Q

What is the course of the phrenic nerve

A

Between anterior/middle scalene -> behind great veins -> lateral to each side of heart -> **anterior to vagus nerve ** -> innervates diaphram

53
Q

Note the grooves in the right lung

A
54
Q

What is this structure in the left lung?

A

Grove for aortic arch and groove for descending aorta

55
Q

What airways are considered external?

A

Nasal Passage -> Pharynx -> Larynx -> Superior Trachea

(Outside of thorax)

56
Q

What airways are considered internal

A

Lower Trachea -> Terminal Bronchiole -> Respiratory Bronchiole -> Alveoli

57
Q

Where does the Conducting airway end and the Respiratory airway start

A

Conducting ends: Terminal Bronchiole

Respiratory starts: Respiratory Bronchiole

58
Q

What is the voicebox called?

A

Larynx

59
Q

What does the epiglottis do?

A

Closes trachea when swallowing to prevent aspiration of food/liquid

60
Q

Note the order of the air passageways!

A
61
Q

The main bronchus splits into what?

A

Lobar Bronchi

62
Q

The lobar broncus splits into what?

A

Segmental bronchi

63
Q

Where are gasses exchanged in the lungs?

A

Alveolus

64
Q

What are the most common types of COPD?

A

Chronic Bronchitis

Emphysema

Another: Asthma

65
Q

What is COPD

A

Progressive disease that makes breathing difficult

Anatomy Final (9 decks)

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