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Anatomy Final > Everything Leg > Flashcards

Everything Leg Flashcards

1
Q

Glute Max Origin and Insertion

A

Posterior Gluteal Line of Ilium

Dorsal Sacrum and Coccyx

Sacrotuberous Ligament

Most fibers: Iliotibial tract -> Gerdy’s tubercle

Some fibers: Gluteal Tuberosity

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2
Q

Glute Max actions

A

Hip extension especially from flexed position

Lateral Rotation

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3
Q

Glute med Origin and Insertion

A

Ilium between Posterior and Anterior Gluteal Lines

Lateral surface of greater trochanter

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4
Q

Glute Med, Glute Min, and TFL actions

A

Medial Rotation

Hip ABD

Keeps CONTRALATERAL pelvis level during single limb stance

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5
Q

Glute Min Origin and Insertion

A

Ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal lines

Anterior surface of greater trochanter

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6
Q

TFL origin and insertion

A

ASIS + Anterior iliac crest

IT Band to gerdy’s tubercle

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7
Q

Piriformis Origin and Insertion

A

Anterior Surface of Sacrum + Sacrotuberous ligament

Greater Trochanter

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8
Q

Obturator Internus origin and insertion

A

Pelvic surface of obturator membrane and surrounding bones

Greater Trochanter

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9
Q

Superior Gemellus Origin and Insertion

A

Ischial Spine

Greater Trochanter

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10
Q

Inferior Gemellus AND Quadratus Femoris origin and insertion (BOTH THE SAME)

A

Ischial Tuberosity

Greater Trochanter

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11
Q

Muscle action of the Piriformis
Obturator Internus
Superior Gemellus
Inferior Gemellus

A

Laterally rotate hip when extended

Abduct hip when flexed

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12
Q

Muscle action of the Quadratus femoris

A

Hip lateral rotation

Hip stabilizaton

note: it does not abduct like the other deep 6

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13
Q

Psoas Major Origin and Insertion

A

Sides of T12 - L5 vertebrae
and discs between them

TP L1 - L5

Lesser Trochanter (Only muscle to insert here along with )

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14
Q

Iliacus Origin and Insertion

A

Iliac fossa
Sacrum
Anterior sacroiliac ligaments

Lesser Trochanter (only muscle to attach here besides Psoas)

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15
Q

Muscle action of Psoas and Iliacus

A

With the origin fixed:
- Hip FLEXION
- Hip LATERAL ROTATION

With the insertion fixed:
- Trunk FLEXION toward the thigh
- Pelvic ANTERIOR TILT

Psoas major only:
STABILIZES hip joint when standing

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16
Q

Pectineus Origin and insertion

A

Superior pubic ramus

Pectineal line of femur
just inferior to lesser trochanter

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17
Q

Sartorius origin and insertion

A

ASIS

Pes Anserine of tibia

(One of 3 muscles to attach here including Gracilis and Semitendonosus)

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18
Q

Pectineus Action

A

Hip ADDUCTION

Slightly FLEXES hip

Assists with hip LATERAL ROTATION

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19
Q

Sartorius Action

A

At the hip:
- FLEXION
- ABduction
- LATERAL ROTATION

At the knee:
- FLEXION
- MEDIAL ROTATION when flexed

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20
Q

Quadriceps Distal Insertion

A

Quadriceps tendon to tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament

VL and VM:
Also attach to tibia and patella
via aponeuroses (medial and lateral patellar retinacula)

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21
Q

Vastus Lateralis Origin

A

Greater trochanter
Lateral lip of linea aspera

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22
Q

Vastus Medialis Origin

A

Intertrochanteric line
Medial lip of linea aspera

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23
Q

Rectus Femoris Muscle action that’s unique from the other quads:

A

OFC they all extend knee

Rectus Femoris also helps flex hip

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24
Q

Adductor longus origin and insertion

A

Body of pubis

Linea Aspera

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25
Q

Adductor Brevis Origin and Insertion

A

Body and inferior ramus of pubis

Pectineal line
Linea aspera of femur

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26
Q

Adductor Magnus Origin and Insertion

A

Adductor part: Inferior pubic ramus
Ramus of ischium
to
Gluteal tuberosity
Linea aspera
Medial supracondylar line

Hamstring Part:
Ischial tuberosity
to
Adductor tubercle of femur

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27
Q

Adductor Longus and Brevis Action

A

Hip Adduction

Additionally the Brevis slightly flexes hip

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28
Q

Adductor Magnus action

A

Hip ADDUCTION

Adductor part:
Hip FLEXION

Hamstring part:
Hip EXTENSION

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29
Q

Gracilis Origin and Insertion

A

Body and inferior ramus of pubis

Pes anserine of tibia

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30
Q

Obturator Externus Origin and Insertion

A

Margins of obturator foramen
Obturator membrane

Greater trochanter of femur

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31
Q

Obturator Externus Muscle Action

A

Hip LATERAL ROTATION
Hip STABILIZATION

(same as quadratus Femoris)

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32
Q

Gracilis Muscle Action

A

Hip ADDUCTION

Knee FLEXION

Knee MEDIAL ROTATION
when flexed

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33
Q

Semitendinosus origin and insertion

A

Ischial Tuberosity

Pes anserine of tibia

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34
Q

Semimembranosus Origin and Insertion

A

Ischial Tuberosity

Posterior medial tibial condyle
Reflected attachment forms oblique popliteal ligament
(to lateral femoral condyle)

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35
Q

Biceps Femoris Origin and Insertion

A

Long head:
Ischial tuberosity
Short head:
Linea aspera +
Lateral supracondylar line

Lateral side of fibular head
(Tendon is split at this site by fibular collateral ligament (LCL) of knee)

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36
Q

Biceps Femoris Muscle Action

A

Knee FLEXION
Knee LATERAL ROTATION when flexed

Long head only:
Hip EXTENSION

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37
Q

Fibularis Brevis Origin and Insertion

A

Inferior lateral fibula

Lateral side of base of
5th metatarsal

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38
Q

Fibularis Longus Origin and Insertion

A

Head of fibula
Superior lateral fibula

Medial cuneiform
Base of 1st metatarsal

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39
Q

Fibularis Brevis and Longus Muscle Action

A

Subtalar joint EVERSION

Weak ankle PLANTAR FLEXION

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40
Q

Tibialis Anterior Origin and Insertion

A

Lateral condyle of tibia
Superior 1/2 of tibia
Interosseous membrane

Medial cuneiform
Base of 1st metatarsal

Note: doesn’t attach to fibula

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41
Q

Tibialis Anterior Muscle Action

A

Ankle DORSIFLEXION

Subtalar joint INVERSION

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42
Q

Extensor Hallicus Longus Origin and Insertion

A

Middle anterior fibula
Interosseous membrane

Base of distal phalanx of
great toe

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43
Q

Extensor Hallicus Longus Muscle Action

A

Great toe EXTENSION

Ankle DORSIFLEXION

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44
Q

Extensor Digitorum Longus origin and insertion

A

Lateral condyle of tibia
Superior surface of fibula
Interosseous membrane
(Note: attaches to ALL 3 structures of the lower leg

Middle and distal phalanges
of digits 2-5

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45
Q

Muscle action of Extensor Digitorum Longus

A

Digits 2-5 EXTENSION

Ankle DORSIFLEXION

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46
Q

Fibularis Tertius Origin and Insertion

A

Inferior anterior surface of fibula
Interosseous membrane

Dorsum of base of 5th metatarsal

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47
Q

What structure passes through the interosseus membrane in the lower leg (only one to do so)

A

anterior tibial artery

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48
Q

Fibularis Tertius Muscle Action

A

Ankle DORSIFLEXION
Aids in subtalar joint EVERSION

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49
Q

Gastrocnemius Origin and Insertion

A

Medial head:
Popliteal surface of femur

Lateral head:
Lateral femoral condyle

Calcaneus
via calcaneal / achilles tendon

50
Q

Soleus Origin and Insertion

A

Posterior fibula
Soleal line and medial tibia
Tendinous arch between the bony attachments

Calcaneus
via calcaneal / achilles tendon

51
Q

Plantaris Origin and Insertion

A

Lateral supracondylar line of femur
Oblique popliteal ligament

Calcaneus
via calcaneal / achilles tendon

52
Q

Gastroc action

A

Ankle PLANTAR FLEXION
when knee is extended

RAISES heel during walking

Knee FLEXION

53
Q

Soleus Action

A

Ankle PLANTAR FLEXION independent of knee position

Ankle STABILIZATION

54
Q

Plantaris Action

A

Weakly assists gastrocnemius
with ankle PLANTAR FLEXION

55
Q

Popliteus Origin and Insertion

A

Lateral condyle of femur
Lateral meniscus

Posterior tibia, above soleal line

56
Q

Popliteus Muscle Action

A

Unlocks knee by rotating femur
5° on fixed tibia

Medially rotates tibia of
unplanted limb

57
Q

Flexor Hallicus Longus Origin and Insertion

A

Lower posterior surface of fibula
Interosseous membrane

Base of distal phalanx of great toe

58
Q

Flexor Hallucis Longus

Muscle Action

A

Great toe FLEXION
@ ALL joints

Weak ankle PLANTAR FLEXION

Supports medial longitudinal arch

59
Q

Flexor Digitorum Longus Origin and Insertion

A

Posterior tibia, inferior to soleal line
By a broad tendon to fibula

Bases of distal phalanges of digits 2-5

60
Q

Flexor Digitorum Longus Muscle Action

A

Digits 2-5 FLEXION

Ankle PLANTAR FLEXION

Supports longitudinal arches

61
Q

Which posterior lower leg muscle attaches to all 3 structures of the lower leg

A

Tibialis Posterior

62
Q

Tibialis Posterior Origin and Insertion

A

ORIGIN
Interosseous membrane
Posterior tibia, inferior to soleal line
Posterior surface of fibula

INSERTION
Tuberosity of navicular
Cuneiforms
Cuboid
Sustentaculum tali of calcaneus
Bases of 2nd, 3rd, and 4th metatarsals

63
Q

Tibialis Posterior Muscle Actions

A

Ankle PLANTAR FLEXION

Foot INVERSION

Maintains medial longitudinal arch

64
Q

Flexor Digitorum Brevis Origin and Insertion

A

Origin
Medial tubercle of calcaneal tuberosity
Plantar aponeurosis
Intermuscular septa

Insertion
Both sides of middle phalanges
of digits 2-5

65
Q

Muscle Action of Flexor Digitorum Brevis

A

Digits 2-5 FLEXION
@ MTP & PIP joints

NOT DIP joint

66
Q

Quadratus Plantae origin and insertion

A

Medial surface and lateral margin
of calcaneus’ plantar surface

flexor digitorum longus tendon

67
Q

Quadratus Plantae Muscle Action

A

Assists flexor digitorum longus
with digits 2-5 FLEXION
@ MTP & IP joints

68
Q

Lumbricals Origin and Insertion

A

Flexor digitorum longus tendons

Medial aspect of extensor expansions over digits 2-5

69
Q

Lumbricals Muscle Action

A

Of digits 2-5…
MTP joint FLEXION
PIP & DIP joint EXTENSION

70
Q

Adductor Hallicus Origin and Insertion

A

** Origin**
Oblique head:
Bases of metatarsals 2-4
Transverse head:
Plantar ligaments of MTP joints

Insertion
Lateral side of base of
proximal phalanx of 1st digit

71
Q

Adductor Hallicus Musle Action

A

1st digit ADDUCTION

Assists in maintaining transverse arch
by pulling metatarsals medially

72
Q

Flexor Hallicus Brevis Origin and Insertion

A

Plantar surfaces of cuboid and lateral cuneiforms

Both sides of base of
proximal phalanx of 1st digit

(Note: the 2 sesamoid bones
of the great toe are contained within its tendons

73
Q

Flexor Hallicus Brevis Action

A

1st MTP Flexion

74
Q

Plantar Interossei Origin and Insertion

A

Plantar aspect of medial sides of shafts of metatarsals 3-5

Medial sides of bases of phalanges of digits 3-5

75
Q

Dorsal Interossei Origin and Insertion

A

Adjacent sides of shafts of metatarsals 1-5

1st:
Medial side of proximal phalanx
of 2nd digit
2nd-4th:
Lateral sides of digits 2-4”

76
Q

Plantar Interossei Action

A

Digits 3-5 Adduction @ MTP

77
Q

Dorsal Interossei Action

A

Digit 2-4 Abduction at MTP

78
Q

Identify this ligament and it’s action

A

Ischiofemoral ligament

Limits Flexion (It’s on the back)

79
Q

What does the Pubofemoral ligament resist

A

Abduction

It’s the lowest ligament of the 3

80
Q

What does the Iliofemoral Ligament resist

A

Extension

(it’s on the front)

81
Q

What is the parent structure of the Dorsal Pedis Artery

A

Anterior Tibial Artery

82
Q

What is the parent structure of the Anterior Tibial Artery

A

Posterior Tibial artery

83
Q

What is the parent structure of the Popliteal Artery

A

Femoral Artery

84
Q

What is the Parent structure of the Posterior Tibial Artery

A

Popliteal Artery

85
Q

What is the parent structure of the Medial and Lateral plantar artery

A

Posterior Tibial Artery

86
Q

Hip lateral rotation myotome

A

S1

87
Q

Hip medial rotation Myotome

A

L5

88
Q

Hip adduction myotome

A

L3

89
Q

Hip abduction myotome

A

L5

90
Q

Ankle Inversion myotome

A

L4

91
Q

Ankle Everson myotome

A

S1

92
Q

Toe extension myotome

A

L5

93
Q

Toe flexion myotome

A

S2

94
Q

Hip extension myotome

A

S2

95
Q

Knee flexion myotome

A

S2

96
Q

Hip flexion Myotome

A

L2

97
Q

Knee extension myotome

A

L3

98
Q

Dorsiflexion myotome

A

L4

99
Q

Ankle Plantarflexion myotome

A

S1

100
Q

Deep tendon quadriceps reflex spinal levels?

A

L3 L4 (think knee extension myotome L3)

101
Q

Calcaneal Tendon reflex spinal levels?

A

S1 S2

(think the spinal levels of the gastroc)

102
Q

What nerve is the travel partner with the sciatic nerve?

A

Posterior Cutaneous Nerve of thigh

103
Q

Review this

A

Good work soldier

104
Q

Review this

A

Good work soldier

105
Q

What is the most common direction of hip dislocation? Also what ligament is injured

A

Posterior (Most common from flexed position)

Injured ligament: Ischiofemoral ligament, usually the other 2 are not effected

106
Q

What part of the femur will have necrosis with a hip dislocation?

A

Proximal head

(because of the artery going to the fovea)

107
Q

Which meniscus is more commonly injured, less mobile, LARGER and C shaped?

A

Medial Meniscus

108
Q

Which meniscus is more mobile, and O shaped?

A

Lateral Meniscus

109
Q

What forces do the MCL resist?

A

Valgus forces

110
Q

What forces do the LCL resist?

A

Varus forces

111
Q

An increased Q angle stresses what meniscus?

A

Lateral

112
Q

A decreased Q angle stresses what meniscus

A

Medial

113
Q

True or false: The sural nerve is a motor nerve

A

False, only sensory

114
Q

What is the cause of shin splits?

A

Irritation of the tibialis anterio r

115
Q

What ligament is most commonly injured with lateral ankle sprains

A

Anterior Talofibular ligament

Note: Don’t select anterior tibiofibular ligament, dr garcia will try to trick us)

116
Q

A lateral ankle sprain can cause what 3 fractures? (Maybe, the slide is unclear)

A

Avulsion fracture ( from fibularis brevis)

Jones Fractrue

Midshaft fracture

117
Q

What is a lisfranc injury

A

Metatarsals dislocate from distal tarsal bones

118
Q

What bones are in the first ray?

A

Calcaneus, Navicular, Medial Cuneiform, and First Metatarsal

119
Q

Where does the illiotibial band begin?

A

Iliac tubercle

120
Q

Semimembranosus and Semitendonosus Muscle Action

A

Hip EXTENSION

Knee FLEXION
Knee MEDIAL ROTATION when flexed

When hip and knee are flexed (as when sitting), can EXTEND trunk at hip (to rise)

121
Q

Vastus Intermedius Origin

A

Anterior and lateral surfaces of
shaft of femur

122
Q

Rectus Femoris Origin

A

Anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS)
Ilium, superior to acetabulum

Anatomy Final (9 decks)

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