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Anatomy Final > Heart > Flashcards

Heart Flashcards

1
Q

Who in tha mediastinum

A

HEART (not the lungs)

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2
Q

What landmark/ thoracic vertebrae represents the superior and inferior mediastinum

A

Sternal angle T4/T5 thoracic vertebrae

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3
Q

What is in the superior mediastinum

A

The great vessels

Trachea

Thymus

Esophagus

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4
Q

The brachiocephalic trunk is on what side?

A

Right

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5
Q

At what level does the common carotid artery split into internal and external carotid?

A

C3/C4

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6
Q

What structures are in both the superior and inferior mediastinum

A

Trachea and esophagus

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7
Q

What is in the inferior mediastinum

A

Heart

Esophagus

Trachea

Thoracic aorta

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8
Q

What is the most anterior structure of the superior mediastinum

A

Thymus

Directly behind breastbone

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9
Q

What structures are in the middle mediastinum

A

Heart

Aortic Arch

Root of lungs

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10
Q

What structures are in the posterior mediastinum

A

Aorta

Venacava + azygos veins

thoracic duct

esophagus

sympathetic chain ganglia and splanchnic nerves

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11
Q

Where are the sternopericardial ligaments located

A

anterior mediastinum

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12
Q

What are the two layers of the pericardium

A

Fiberous outer layer + a Serous inner layer with 2 of it’s own layers:

Parietal layer (outer)

Visceral layer (inner) AKA epicardium

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13
Q

Where is the pericardial cavity and whats in it

A

Between parietal layer and visceral layer of pericardium

serous fluid is in it

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14
Q

What part of the heart does the phrenic nerve innervate?

A

the pericardium (and the diaphram)

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15
Q

What arteries/veins run next to the phrenic nerve and supply the pericardium

A

Pericardiacophrenic artery/vein

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16
Q

How do you tell pericarditis apart from an MI

A

Chest pain with UE referral, but is relieved when sitting foward

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17
Q

What are common causes of pericarditis

A

Viral/Bacterial infection

Chronic renal failure

After MI(heart attack)

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18
Q

What is constrictive pericarditis

A

excessive thickening of pericardial sack USUALLY just the parietal layer

can lead to heart failure

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19
Q

How do you describe the hearts orientation

A

Fallen down pyramid

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20
Q

What is the most anterior and inferior part of the heart

A

Apex

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21
Q

What is the most posterior and superior part of the heart

A

Base

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22
Q

True or false: There is a LEFT brachiocephalic artery

A

False

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23
Q

True or false: There is a left brachiocephalic vein

A

true

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24
Q

What intercostal space does the apex of the heart lie deep to?

A

5th intercostal space

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25
The LUB sound represents what
Closure of mitral and tricuspid valves AKA Systole
26
The DUB sound represents what
Closure of aortic and pulmonary valves AKA diastole Also T wave
27
The right and left coronary arteries come from where?
Root of the aorta
28
The anterior interventricular branch of the left coronary artery is also called
LAD Left anterior Descending AKA window maker
29
What % of myocardial infarctions involve the LAD
40-50% RCA- 30-40% Circumflex of LCA- 15-20%
30
What is the coronary sinus and where does it go?
It is a vein and it goes into the right atrium
31
The mitral valve is on what side?
Left
32
The tricuspid valve is on what side?
RIght
33
Identify the valves
1: Mitral valve 2: tricuspid valve 3: Aortic Valve 4: Pulmonary Valve
34
Identify this structure
Tendinous cord and Papillary muscle
35
When does diastole begin?
When aortic and pulmonary valves close
36
In diastole, what happens after the pulmonary and aortic valves close
The mitral and tricuspid valves open
37
The pulmonary veins carry what kind of blood and go where?
pulmonary veins- to heart from lungs with oxygenated blood
38
The pulmonary arteries carry what kind of blood and go where?
From heart to lungs with deoxygenated blood
39
What contracts during the final moments of diastole?
Atria
40
What is structure 1?
Interarterial septum
41
What is structure 2?
Oval Fossa
42
What is structure 3?
Sinus Venarum
43
What is structure 4?
Coronary Sinus
44
The Oval Fossa is a remnant of what?
Foramen Ovalis Used to allow blood to go from R to L atrium
45
The atrioventricular septum contains what valves?
Tricuspid and Mitral
46
The sinus Venarum does what?
Receives blood from vena cava and coronary sinus
47
What does the coronary sinus do?
It's located between the atrioventricular orifice and the IVC It receives venous return from the heart
48
What is considered the pace maker of the heart, and where is it located?
Sinu-Atrial Node in the Right Atrium (Junction of right Auricle and aspect of SVC)
49
Where is the Atrioventricular node located
On atrial septum on the ventricular side of the coronary sinus
50
What forms the largest part of the anterior surface of the heart?
Right ventrical
51
What is trabeculae carnae
Irregular muscular ridges in the ventricals gives ventricals a less smooth look compared to atrium The trabeculae carneae prevent the inversion of the mitral and tricuspid valves in the atrial chambers.
52
The left auricle receives blood from ______
4 Pulmonary veins (2 superior and 2 inferior)
53
The left atrium lies more ______
Posteriorly
54
The pulmonary veins have valves, true or false
False
55
The walls of the left ventrical are ______ compared to the right ventrical
Twice as thick
56
The superior border of the heart of formed by what? Where is it located?
Both Atria Goes from the Inferior border of L costal cartilage of rib 2 To the Superior border of the R costal cartilage of rib 3
57
What structures emerge from the superior border of the heart
Ascending Aorta and Pulmonary Trunk SVC enters here
58
The right border of the heart is formed by what Where is it located
Right atrium Extends from costal cartilage of rib 3 to rib 6
59
The inferior border of the heart is formed by what? Where is it located?
Formed by the right ventrical Extends from R costal cartilage of rib 6 to **A POINT** at the L 5th intercostal space at the **midclavicular line**
60
The left border of the heart is formed by what? Where is it located?
Left ventrical Between 5th intercostal space and Inferior border of costal cartilage of Rib 2
61
What is the pathway of action potential in the heart?
SA Node Atrial myocytes AV Node Atrioventricular bundle (bundle of his) R and L bundle Branches (Stimulate ventricals) Purkinje Fibers
62
What is cardiac auscultation
Listening to the heart to hear the normal cardiac cycle
63
What is occuring here on the graph?
Atrial Contraction
64
Note that where you put a stethiscope to hear the function of a heart valve is not directly over the valve
65
What spinal levels can the heart refer pain?
T1 to T4
66
This cardiac referred pain is seen more in...
Men
67
This cardiac referred pain is seen more in...
Women
68
The vagus nerve is what # cranial nerve?
10
69
What nerve has the longest course and largest contribution out of all spinal nerves?
Vagus nerve
70
What does the vagus nerve do?
The vagus nerve controls the heart via sympathetic and parasympathetic, the pharynx, and larynx
71
What nerve travels along the right side of the trachea and then the esophagus
RIGHT VAGUS
72
What is the path of the left vagus nerve
Travels on aortic arch then behind pulmonary vessels
73
What is the parent structure of the left recurrent laryngeal nerve?
Vagus nerve
74
What can damage the Left recurrent laryngeal nerve?
Cancer in lung can compress him Causes hoarsenes in voice
75
What are the spinal levels of the phrenic nerve?
C3 C4 C5 Note: The diaphram also can refer pain to these levels
76
The phrenic nerve is ______ to the greater vessels, whereas the vagus nerve is _____
Phrenic nerve: Anterior Vagus Nerve: Posterior
77
What does the visceral innervations of the heart do
Use sympathetic and vagus nerve to send cardiac pain
78
What does the sympathetic NS do to the heart
Increase HR and CO and dialate coronary arteries
79
What does the parasympathetic nervous system do to the heart?
Decrease HR and Cardiac Output Constrict coronary arteries
80
Identify this structure
Ligamentum arteriosum Used to be ductus arteriosus, a temporary fetal structure that shunts blood from the pulmonary arteries to the aorta
81

Anatomy Final (9 decks)

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