Review

Question 1

Describe each number

Answer 1

1) SA node depolarizes
2) Atria depolarizes and contracts
3) Time from the SA node through the AV node (all atria myocytes are depolarized)
4) Ventricular depolarization
5) All ventricles are depolarized- phase 2 of ventricle AP (increase in Ca2+ influx)
6) Ventricle repolarization
7) Last ventricle myocytes are repolarizing (those that depolarized first)
8) Atria and ventricle mytocytes are in phase 4: RMP
9) Most atria have depolarized
10) ventricle begins to contract

Question 2

Describe this

Answer 2

1. Volumetric filling

C- Rapid filling

D- slow filling

2. Isovolumetric ventricular contraction

3. Ventricular ejection

A. Rapid ejection

B. Slow ejection

4. Isovolumetric ventricular relaxation

Question 3

1. Where would we a see a P wave?
2. S wave?
3. T wave begin?
4. Deflection of T wave?

Answer 3

1. Where would we a see a P wave? Near D
2. S wave? Further up.
3. T wave begin? 3
4. Deflection of T wave? between 3 and 4

Question 4

1. Where would see the peak venous wave?
2. S1?
3. S2
4. S3?
5. S4?

Answer 4

1. Where would see the peak venous wave? Between 2 and 3, peaks right after 2
2. S1? D
3. S2 B
4. S3? A (rapid ventricular filling)
5. S4? Where would the atrial kick occur…

Question 5

How would activation of the sympathetic NS affect the SA AP drawing?

Draw and compare to notes

Answer 5

1. Increase slope of phase 4
2. Increase slope of phase 0 (be higher)
3. Faster repolarization

Question 6

What is th ejection fraction?

Answer 6

Fraction of blood that is being pumped out with each beat.

Subtract the highest ventricular volume- lowest.

Divide it by the highest

Example: 120/50

120-50= 70

70/120

= 58%.

Question 7

Decrease BP –>

___ Preload

____ SV

____ CO

____ baroreceptor reflex

Answer 7

decrease Preload

decrease SV

decrease CO

decrease baroreceptor reflex

Question 8

What starling force can we alter to increase preload?

Answer 8

Decrease capillary hydrostatic pressure

Question 9

What starling force causes edema?

Answer 9

Capillary oncotic pressure

Question 10

Starling forces calculate the flow of water out of the capillary (+/-) or into the capillary (+/-)

Answer 10

Starling forces calculate the flow of water

out of the capillary (+) or

into the capillary (-)

Question 11

Starling equation/

Driving force

Answer 11

k (Pc-Pi)-(nc-ni)

if +–> net movement out of the capillary

Question 12

What part of our body is entirely under metabolic control?

Answer 12

brain- blood flow is based on metabolism

*excercising muscle

Question 13

Reactive hypernemia

Answer 13

Response to vascular obstruction

increases blood floow to that area

Question 14

Why do capillaries have the lowest velocity?

Answer 14

Increase in cross sectional area

Question 15

The more capillaries beds in parallel will do what to resistance?

Answer 15

Decrease

Question 16

The more capillary beds in a series will do what to resistance?

Answer 16

Increase resistance

Question 17

How does arteriosclerosis affect compliance

Answer 17

decreases

Question 18

_____ are much more compliant

Answer 18

Veins

Question 19

Aortic stenosis

Answer 19

Decrease in pulse pressure

as SBP decreases

Question 20

Arteriosclerosis

—> ____ pulse pressure

—-> _____ SBP

Answer 20

increase both

Question 21

How will increase in stroke volume affect the ventricular pressure curve?

Increase in ionotropy?

Increase in afterload?

Answer 21

Draw and compare to notes

Question 22

Look at cardiac function curve