EKG Clinical Cases

Question 1

What do premature atrial contractions (PAC or APC) look like?

They can be normal; what are they assx with?

Answer 1

Extra bump in the P wave

Seen in the absence of a significant heart dz; stress , alochol, coffe, COPD, CAD

Question 2

What does multifocal atrial tachycardia (MAT) look like?

Answer 2

3 different looking P waves between QRS complex

Question 3

What does sinus arrythmia look like?

Answer 3

A bumpy P wave

Question 4

Does does A-fib look like?

Answer 4

No P wave

Question 5

What can cause a LAD?

Answer 5

fluid in abdomen pushing up against the heart

Question 6

A premature beat is when an irritable focus spontaneously fires a single stimulus. What does a PAC do?

Answer 6

Resets sinus rhythm/SA node.

Can be seen after T wave, shortening HR for one QRS to QRS

Question 7

Premature ventricular contraction PVC is when depressed ST segment, QRS goes up, (***ST segment goes opposite QRS) and will be borderline?

Answer 7

Sinus tachycardia

Question 8

What is commonly seen with premature ventricular contraction ?(3)

Answer 8

Heart attack/Failure Drugs Electrolyte disorder

Question 9

PVC can be seen in all leads. What will it look like?

Answer 9

QRS complex will wide and ST segment will be opposite, each down ST segment is one PVC

Question 10

3 or more consecutive PVCs indicate what?

Answer 10

ventricular tachycardia

Question 11

What is commonly seen with atrial fibrillation?

Answer 11

lack of P wave

baseline is jagged and irregular

Question 12

During atrial fibrillation

Atrial firing rate > 350-600bpm,

no P wave,

irregular QRS interval and

what else?

Answer 12

Irregularly irregular ventricular rhythm

Question 13

What is a junctional rhythm?

Answer 13

Long straight baseline between T wave and next QRS; thus no P wave

Question 14

What is characteristic of Torsades de pointes?

Answer 14

VT with a long QT interval

Question 15

What is charcteristic of ventricular tachycardia?

Answer 15

• wide QRS,
• no P wave,
• downsloping, 200 BPM

Question 16

What is the difference between sustained and nonsustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia?

Answer 16

Sustained means it is constant while non sustained means there will be changes in the ECG

Question 17

What is characteristic of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia PSVT (PAT PJT) ? (3)

Answer 17

1. Narrow QRS 2. Absent P wave in some leads 3. Regular baseline/ Twaves well formed

in regular VT you cannot see T waves

Question 18

What can be seen in a primary AV block?

Answer 18

What can be seen in a primary AV block?

(1 whole block)