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First Year Comps > Review 3 > Flashcards

Review 3 Flashcards

1
Q

How would you describe American Sign Language?

A

natural evolving language and natural communication system - developed in a community, has its own grammar, phonology, morphology & syntax and semantics and pragmatics - by people trying to communicate over time

there are regional dialects/variations

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2
Q

rules for lang & combining words

A

grammar

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3
Q

sound system/rules of pronunciation

A

phonology

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4
Q

structure of words

A

morphology

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5
Q

rules governing sentences

A

syntax

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6
Q

meaning

A

semantics

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7
Q

social contex

A

pragmatics

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8
Q

Is Signed Exact English (SEE I or II) a natural or artificial sign system and what is it?

A

artificial sign because it took english and placed hand signs into a different order and syntax

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9
Q

what system did ASL originally develop fro

A

french

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10
Q

what is structure of ASL

A

object subject verb or subject verb object
ball boy threw (the boy threw the ball

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11
Q

Visual communication system combines handshapes with mouth movements-aids lipreading

A

cued speech

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12
Q

Use of ASL and written/spoken English with ASL primary and encourages Deaf identity and culture’

A

bilingual bicultural approch

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13
Q

integrates speech, sign, fingerspelling, lipreading and more to facilitate communication

A

total communication

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14
Q

Focus on oral communication through auditory training, speechreading and speech production (often with use of HA’s and CI)

A

Auditory-Oral/Verbal Method

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15
Q

Complete natural visual language with handshapes, facial expressions, grammar, syntax

A

asl

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16
Q

why is cued speech helpful

A

just looking at the face cannot tell if it is one sound vs another sound; many sounds look the same on the lips and cannot tell what articulators were doing and if it is voiced/unvoiced so cued gives this

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17
Q

what communities use tactile sign languae

A

deafblind communities

Ushers disorder

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18
Q

What is codeswitching?

A

changing bw lang, modalities, dialects depending on the convo partners

changing language based on the listener or environment

bilingual of spoken and switch from english to spanish

someone who uses asl and spoken english as well

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19
Q

What do you know about communicating with Deaf individuals and use of interpreters?

A

speak to the PT and not the interpreter, do not change how you are speaking, dont over exaggerate or slow down the speed)

normal communication face to face with pt

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20
Q

Preferred terms Deaf, deaf or hard of hearing (not hearing impaired)

A

true

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21
Q

Medical model vs social –cultural model

A

social culture
deafness is viewed as something that doesn’t need to be fixed by the deaf community

medical
something that needs fixed, medical disability

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22
Q

why is preferred language not hearing impaired or hearing loss?

A

implies a disability that needs fixed

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23
Q

what are the differences in asl or the parameters

A

Hand shape, orientation, location, movement, non-verbal/non-manual markers

WH questions—Eyebrows furrow (yes/no questions eyebrows raised)

Others
Expressions
Body movements

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24
Q

how to show past/present/future in asl

A

towards back (past), close to body (present), going forward (future)

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25
Q

Within man’s body there is a capacity for health. If this capacity is recognized and normalized, disease can be both prevented and treated.”

A

at still

mind body spirit whole person healthcare concept

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26
Q

4 tenets of Osteopathic Medicine

A

treat cause rather than symptoms
human body is dynamic unit of fxn of mind body spirit
body possess self-regulatory mechanisms which are self healing in nature
structure and fxn are interrelated at all levels
rational treatment is based on these principles

rational treatment is based on the understanding of the basic principles of body unity, self-regulation, and interrelationship bw structure and function - not just treating the symptoms

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27
Q

what is a scenario in audiology where it represents 1 of the 4 tenets of OM

A

otitis media can self mediate - watch and wait - body will take care of it most of the time

MER - self regulating mechanism; if they do not have this working it can lead to annoyance of loud sounds

if ET is patulous, structure changes so does the physiology: breathing and chewing is loud

tinnitus: structural abnormality in vascular system (pulsatile)

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28
Q

OMM approach

A

Therapeutic approach
about realigning structure to make it function better

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29
Q

role of OT vs PT vs medical vs Aud

A

PT focuses on improving the patient’s ability to move their body whereas an OT focuses on improving the patient’s ability to perform activities of daily living.
physician who practices osteopathic medicine, a philosophy and practice of patient care that focuses on the whole person

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30
Q

application of hands on forces by osteopathic physician to improve physiologic fxn improve motion and support homeostasis

A

OMM or OMT

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31
Q

What is the purpose of professional liability insurance?

A

to protect you if you get sued
we have this through the university

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32
Q

What is Tort Law

A

civil law about causing damage to a person or property

civil wrong against a person or property
may result in action for damages

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33
Q

tort law handles cases to

A

find wrongdoing and deter it and compensate for it
ex: wrong med or dx or tx

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34
Q

how to avoid going to court for breach of tort (causing someone damage)

A

manage risk with best practices, knowledge, standards, communicate, document

malpractice insurance

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35
Q

document given to patients to confirm they are ok with proceeding with procedures

A

informed consent - can be written or verbal

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36
Q

if someone claims malpractice they have to prove these things

elements that must be present for a plaintiff to recover damages:

A

Duty
Breach
Damages
Causation

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37
Q

why do all 4 have to be met for a malpractice? give an example

A

use dirty cerumen instrument on a PT
if they didn’t get infection etc on it, it is hard to prove because no harm was made from the negligence

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38
Q

legal obligation to care

A

duty to care

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39
Q

When do you provide a patient with a notice of privacy practices?

A

first visit, annually after to remind them
explains your policies and their rights

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40
Q

Do you need a state license in audiology to practice?

A

YES ALWAYS

41
Q

What is the purpose of an informed consent document and when would you use it?

A

making sure they are ok with being a subject with the things you are doing
some do it up front for everything or individually depending on the task

42
Q

failing to comply with standard of care required

A

breach of duty

43
Q

without harm or injury there is no liability

A

injury

44
Q

reasonable, close and causal connection bw the defendant’s negligent conduct and the resulting damages

A

causation

45
Q

What are some state licensure requirements?

A

degree in audiology: doctoral
clinical practice experience
most states: background check or havent lost licenses or have had sues
pay the fees

46
Q

Discuss other members of a healthcare team:

A
47
Q

conflict of interest

A

something that has an award to it; quid pro quo

selling an overpriced hearing aid that PT doesn’t need or can pay for so we benefit for it

manufacturers give perks: if you sell x amount we will give you a trip to x

48
Q

Purpose of codes of Ethics.

A

set standards and actions that are acceptable within our profession

49
Q

who do we want to mandate what is best for audiology?

A

audiologist and if we do not self regulate ourselves someone else will

50
Q

as profession, we need to be gatekeepers and self regulate other peers and professionals

A

true

51
Q

Where are guidelines for audiology?

A

do not do something to pt they do not need, make sure everyone has access, do not have COI

ASHA Rule 1 H
Individuals shall not guarantee the results of any treatment or procedure, directly or by implication,; however, they may make a reasonable statement of prognosis.

AAA Rule 7a
Individuals shall not use professional or commercial affiliations in any way that would mislead or limit services to persons served professionally

52
Q

what are voicing cues

A

low freq; from vocal fold vibrations, gives the fundamental frequency F0 of voice

53
Q

what are manner cues

A

mid freq (fricative, plosive, stop,…)

54
Q

Place cues

A

high freq (some are visible for speech reading)

55
Q

what are suprasegmentals

A

prosidy of speech
how do things fit together
am I speaking with stress?
what is there emotion

beyond indiv sounds of speech how it goes together that gives cues about what is being said
above and beyond the segments

56
Q

where do voicing cues come from

A

vf vibration

57
Q

manner

A

mid freq (fricative, plosive, stop,

58
Q

place

A

high freq (some are visible for speech reading)

59
Q

Extrinsic and Intrinsic Redundancy

A

come from internally
come from environment and speech signal itself, cues we are getting

60
Q

The speech signal, syntax

A

extrinsic redundancy

61
Q

Binaural listening and CANS pathways & memory of words

A

intrinsic redundancy

62
Q

Average conversational speech level

A

50 dB HL

63
Q

Average conversational speech level in SPL

A

70

64
Q

What is the RETSPL for supra-aural headphones vs inserts

A

20 dB change - supras
13 - inserts

65
Q

right vs left tympanic membrane

A

right: cone of light in right bottom corner & malleus is pointed to bottom left corner

left: cone of light in left bottom corner & umbo is pointed to bottom right corner

66
Q

soft mod and loud sounds in HL

A

soft: 40
mod: 50
loud: 70

67
Q

what is meiosis

A

four phases
-results in 4 non-identical haploid daughter cells (chromosome recombination from paternal and maternal)
-gametes also called germ cells (egg and sperm)
Haploid = “half” or just 23 chromosomes

68
Q

what is mitosis

A

four phases
-results in 2 identical daughter cells
-DNA replicated and equally spilt into diploid cells
Diploid = double number of chromosomes (23 pairs so 46 chromosomes, with 44 somatic and XX or XY)

69
Q

what creates the gametes (germ cells - egg and sperm)

A

meosis

70
Q

where is mitosis seen

A

all other cells aside from gametes

71
Q

do all four of haploid cells become functional cells

A

no, usually only one egg survives

72
Q

cochlear hair cells stay in _____ phase

A

GO

73
Q

what is gastrulation

A

formation of germ layers

74
Q

what are the germ layers

A

ectoderm
mesoderm
endoderm

75
Q

what forms from ectoderm

A

CNS, PNS, sensory-ear, eye; skin epidermis, bones of face and teeth

76
Q

what comes from mesoderm

A

organs-kidneys, spleen, walls of heart, muscle, cartilage, bone

77
Q

what comes from endoderm

A

GI system, lining of respiratory, ET)

78
Q

gastrulation stage

A

pre embronic
fertilization to about 2 wks

79
Q

embryonic stage

A

Carnegie stages 1-23; about 3rd to 8th week; big head

80
Q

fetal period

A

3rd month (about 9 weeks) to birth; maturation of organs and rapid body growth; looks human

81
Q

What are branchial arches and which ones play a role in auditory system development?

A

1 & 2, THEY ARE in area of pharyngeal area and they will develop face and head structures including muscles, bones muscles and nerves ofhead and neck

82
Q

Neural tube from ectoderm =

A

brain, spinal cord, nerves and ganglia

83
Q

if neural tube doesn’t zip up from caudal and rostral side we can have open neural tube and causes

A

spina bifida

84
Q

what is arnold chiari

A

bs and the cerebellum herniate through the foramen magnum and associated with spina bifida

85
Q

what comes from branchial arch 1

A

incus & malleus

tensor tympani

CN V

86
Q

what comes from branchial 2

A

stapes

stapedius muscle

VII

87
Q

first sign of nervous system forming is a thickening of groove in ectoderm that becomes

A

the neural tube

88
Q

Neural Crest Cells =

A

more PNS

89
Q

which germ layer is on outside of ™?

A

ectoderm

90
Q

which is in middle making is sp8iral

A

mesoderm

91
Q

which layer is on middle ear side on moist aerated space

A

endoderm

92
Q

EAC formed from deepening cleft between 1st and 2nd arch; meatal plug and TM
Pinna from 6 hillocks on either side of 1st cleft (1st and 2nd arches)

A

true

93
Q

tubotympanic
tubo becomes
tympanic becomes

A

tubo becomes ET
tympanic becomes tympanic cavity/ME

94
Q

Some first & second arch syndromes that affect the auditory system resulting in a hearing loss and other auditory abnormalities include

A

Treacher Collins syndrome
Pierre Robins syndrome/sequence
Stickler syndrome

Craniofacial anomalies
CHL (could be mixed)

95
Q

describe inner ear development

A

Otic placode, future inner ear from ectoderm
-invaginates to form otic pit and then otic vesicle (otocyst)
-elongates and ventral portion becomes saccule and elongates to cochlear duct
-and dorsal portion becomes utricle, SCC and endolymphatic duct

96
Q

genotype

A

genetic material and gene mutation

97
Q

phenotype

A

symptoms, physical and outward presentation

98
Q

prosidy of speech
beyond indiv sounds of speech how it goes together that gives cues

A

suprasegmentals

First Year Comps (9 decks)

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