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First Year Comps > Review 1 > Flashcards

Review 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What agencies/governing bodies deal with infection control?

A

CDC
OSHA
WHO
EPA
FDA

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2
Q

What guidelines do they have that we have to follow in regard to infection control

A

Standard precautions
Universal precautions - when we have to use PPE and do certain levels of cleaning something

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3
Q

Levels of cleaning instruments

A

Disinfection - kills germs, equipment that doesn;t use infectious debris
Sterilize - something that could get blood on it

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4
Q

If we dont follow the guielines

A

Financial penalties
Clinic closures

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5
Q

regulates noise ordinances in the community

A

epa

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6
Q

plays role with infection control but more in pharmocology and medical devices

A

FDA

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7
Q

Original standard precautions came from

A

CDC

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8
Q

1 infection control procedure to help not spread infections from patient to patient

A

hand hygiene

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9
Q

ensure safe and healthful working conditions for workers by setting and enforcing standards and by
providing training, outreach, education and assistance.

A

OSHA

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10
Q

organization to protect public health and fight disease. “is one of the major operating components of
the Department of Health and Human Services and is recognized as the nation’s premiere health promotion, prevention, and preparedness agency.” created
guidelines for standard precautions

A

CDC

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11
Q

Occupational Safety and Health Administration

A

OSHA

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12
Q

Center for Disease Control and Prevention

A

CDC

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13
Q

Environmental Protection Agency

A

EPA

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14
Q

Agency regulates chemical safety i.e. disinfectants and sterilants and much more related to environment andhuman health

A

EPA

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15
Q

United States-based nonprofit 501(c) organization that accredits and
certifies more than 22,000 healthcare organizations and programs in the United States.”

A

JCAHO

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16
Q

The Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations,

A

JCAHO

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17
Q

acts to protect the public health be ensuring safety of food, drugs, medical devices and cosmetics

A

FDA

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18
Q

U.S. Food and Drug

A

FDA=

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19
Q

What is the recommended amount of
time the CDC (and OSHA)
recommend hashing your hands

A

*10-20 seconds

Hum/sing Happy B-Day or Twinkle
Twinkle Little Star Twice

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20
Q

Is hand sanitizer better than hand
washing?

A

You should wash your hands as soon as
possible even after use of hand sanitizer.

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21
Q

Most severe meningitis
Can have severe-profound SNHL - affecting the inner ear
Cochlear ossification - effects ability to choose CI’s etc.
Can also be brain damage

A

bacterial meningitis

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22
Q

Hospital acquired infection

A

Nosocomial - acquired it in a hospital, reason why JCAHO IS IMPORTANT because they monitor and want to reduce these

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23
Q

What is the route for the meninges and the inner ear

A

Perilymphatic duct - allows route of communication bw meninges and inner ear
Perilymph and csf are very similar in makeup
Endolymphatic duct & sac - absorb from inner ear up to the dural space of the extra endolymph
Endolymph produced in stria vascularis

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24
Q

What does stria create to allow organ of corti to work

A

High concentration of potassium = endocochlear potential (because of stria pumping out, it having high potassium, causes hairs to be ready for stim)

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25
Q

low lying, not overly pervasive, constantly around and we get used to it, ex: flu

A

endemic

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26
Q

regional, in country or area, pops up ex: small pox, west nile, zika, sudden outbreak of disease in comm or region during a time period, runs its course

A

epidemic

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27
Q

epidemic on large scale that crossed borders ex: covid

A

pandemic

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28
Q

Gloves & mask
Eyeglass protection
Shields
robe/gown/lab coat
Shoe covers
Hair net

A

PPE

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29
Q

is the term used to define microbes that can cause illness and/or disease.

A

pathogen

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30
Q

What virus is responsible for painful infection of the facial nerve near the ear that can lead to blisters, hearing loss, and vertigo?

A

Herpes Zoster Oticus

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31
Q

What bacteria is the most common cause of otitis media?

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

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32
Q

_________ is the term used to define a common outer ear fungal infection.

A

otomycosis

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33
Q

One benefits at the expense of the other.

A

Parasitism

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34
Q

Both the host and the microbe benefit from each other.

A

mutualism

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35
Q

One benefits but the other does not receive benefit or harm.

A

Commensalism

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36
Q

an epidemic on a large scale, like a continent

A

Pandemic

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37
Q

an infection that is ever-present at a relatively low level, like Valley Fever

A

Endemic

38
Q

a sudden outbreak when more than the usual number of cases of a disease occurs in a community during a certain time period

A

Epidemic

39
Q

Non-profit accrediting agency

A

JCAHO

40
Q

Ensures a safe workplace for all employees

A

OSHA

41
Q

Safety of drugs, medical devices, food, and cosmetics

A

FDA

42
Q

Created guidelines for standard precautions

A

CDC

43
Q

Regulates disinfectants and sterilants

A

EPA

44
Q

Bacterial meningitis can be deadly within 24 - 48 hours if left untreated. It can also lead to permanent brain damage and severe sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL)

A

true

45
Q

A patient was admitted to the hospital for an emergency appendectomy. A couple of days into his hospitalization he developed MRSA at the incision site. This type of secondary infection is referred to as a ___________________ infection

A

nosocomial

46
Q

It is not essential to employ hand hygiene if you wore gloves.

A

false

47
Q

When performing otoscopy you should use the largest specula tip possible.

A

true

48
Q

What is the leading cause of transmission of germs in health care settings?

A

Contaminated hands

49
Q

What is the preferred method used to prepare critical audiology tools for use with another patient?

A

Cold sterilization with gluteraldehyde or hydrogen peroxide solution for several hours.

50
Q

Home-grade disinfectants, like Clorox wipes

A

Low-level disinfection

51
Q

Dishwasher, bleach, or rubbing alcohol

A

Mid-level disinfection

52
Q

Hospital-grade disinfectants, like Audiologist’s Choice solution or Cavicide wipes

A

High-level disinfection

53
Q

Surfaces like chairs and counter tops during everyday encounters with patients should be:

A

Cleaned
Disinfected

54
Q

First step. Removes gross (visible) contamination from the surface

A

Clean

55
Q

Kills some of the germs, but not all of them

A

Disinfect

56
Q

Kills 100% of the germs 100% of the time

A

Sterilize

57
Q

Whenever we may have contact with potential infectious material
If risk of cerumen, blood, splatter, wear protection

A

PPE

58
Q

method for removing cerumen:

A

irrigation, mechanical insrumentations (forceps, curette (loop), scoops etc.), suction,

59
Q

If you see it in the ear, how do you know when to remove it?

A

Blockage of ™, to prevent pushing it in further (interference of treatment or procedure), if it is dry/hard and won’t come out on its own

60
Q

What are precautions/contraindications for doing cerumen

A

perf do not irrigate (always do tymps and otoscopy before doing irrigation), diabetes (infection, they do not heal as good), blood thinners (in case they bleed and we know how to treat it), PT consent (gone over questions and precautions and they consent to having it done)

61
Q

Why do we have cerumen?

A

Lubricate - keeps it moist so it isnt dry and itchy
Protect - barrier to catch things
Migrates out as epithelial migration so when it catches those things it will fall out and you wont even know it

62
Q

What agency created the Universal Blood and Bloodborne Pathogen Precautions, also known as Standard Precautions?

A

cdc

63
Q

what forms from the neural tube from ectoderm

A

brain, spinal cord, nerves and ganglia

64
Q

first sign of nervous system forming is a thickening of groove in ectoderm that becomes

A

neural tube

65
Q

if neural tube doesn’t zip up from caudal and rostral side we can have open neural tube and on caudal side is

A

spina bifida

66
Q

bs and the cerebellum herniate through the foramen magnum and associated with spina bifida

A

arnold chiari Ii

67
Q

which germ layer is on outside of ™?

A

ectoderm

68
Q

which layer is on middle ear side on moist aerated space

A

endoderm

69
Q

which is in middle making is sp8iral

A

mesoderm

70
Q

becomes utricle, SCC and endolymphatic duct

A

dorsal portion

71
Q

genetic material and gene mutation

A

genotype

72
Q

symptoms, physical and outward presentation

A

phenotype

73
Q

most commonly associated with genetic hearing loss

A

ar

74
Q

3 copies of 21
too many
body can function with too many than not enough genetic material
has CHL or mixed
stenosis: tiny ear canals & a lot of waxed build up, otitis media
facial changes: palms of hands,

A

down syndrome

75
Q

RETSPL equation for hl to spl

A

dB HL = dB SPL – RETSPL

76
Q

RETSPL equation for spl to hl

A

dB HL = dB SPL + RETSPL

77
Q

Convert 0 dB HL at 1,000 Hz to dB SPL

A

= 0 + 7.5
dB SPL = 7.5

78
Q

what is dB SL

A

difference between presentation level and the patient’s individual threshold

79
Q

he patient’s threshold is 25 dB HL.
You present a tone at 60 dB HL.
At what dB SL are you presenting the tone?

A

35 dB SL

80
Q

The patient’s threshold is 45 dB HL.
You present a tone that is 10 dB SL.
At what dB HL are you presenting the tone?

A

55

81
Q

Doubling of intensity

A

+3 dB

82
Q

Doubling of sound pressure

A

+6 dB

83
Q

Doubling of loudness (in typical hearing)

A

10 dB

84
Q

Ensure we are measuring what we think we are measuring

A

test validity

85
Q

Stimuli are presented in a pre-determined, random order, with many presentations at each stimulus level

A

method of constant stimulus

86
Q

Stimuli are presented at pre-determined starting points

A

method of limits

87
Q

Stimulus is controlled by subject
Level change is continuous rather than in discrete steps

A

method of adjustment

88
Q

fewer hits, more correct rejections
Less likely to say they heard it

A

conservative

89
Q

equal number of hits and correct rejections

A

Neutral

90
Q

Someone with a liberal criterion will present with relatively better/poorer hearing thresholds. Why?

A

better because they have a higher tendency to say yes

91
Q

Someone with a conservative criterion will present with relatively better/poorer hearing thresholds. Why?

A

poorer because they have a higher tendency to say no and wait until it gets louder

First Year Comps (9 decks)

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