Review Flashcards
1
Q
Normal range of beats per minute for adults?
A
60-100 per minute
2
Q
What’s pulse deficit?
A
Difference between radial and apical pulse when taken at the same time
3
Q
How is the radial pulse taken?
A
Taken on the wrist
4
Q
How’s the apical pulse taken?
A
Taken with a stethoscope
5
Q
What is dysnea?
A
Difficulty breathing
6
Q
What is orthopnea?
A
Difficulty breathing while laying supine
7
Q
What is apnea?
A
Absence of breathing for periods of time
8
Q
What’s the normal adult range for breaths per minute?
A
12-20 breaths per minute
9
Q
True or False: CNA’s can adjust oxygen flow
A
FALSE! Not in scope of practice
10
Q
True or False: CNA’s cannot turn the oxygen on/off or move tubing from concentrator to portable
A
FALSE! CNAs can turn the machine on or off, they cannot however adjust the flow rate
11
Q
What is the normal range for oxygen levels for adults?
A
95%-100%
12
Q
What is hypoxia
A
low oxygen level
13
Q
What does blood pressure measure?
A
Measures the force of blood as it pushes against the walls of arteries
14
Q
The top number; The pressure of the blood when the heart contracts and pumps blood into the arteries; the point where the greatest pressure is put on the arteries
A
Systolic pressure
15
Q
The bottom number; The pressure of the blood between contractions of the heart, when the heart relaxes and the pressure on the arteries decreases
A
Diastolic pressure
16
Q
What is orthostatic (postural hypotension)?
A
Low blood pressure occurring when standing from a sitting or lying position
17
Q
Normal ranges for systolic and diastolic pressure?
A
Systolic: below 120
Diastolic: below 80
18
Q
What are baseline vitals?
A
Body temperature, pulse, respirations, blood pressure, and pain
19
Q
Microorganisms that can cause disease?
A
Pathogens
20
Q
An infection acquired in a healthcare facility?
A
Nosocomial—- aka healthcare-associated infections
21
Q
What is the chain of infection?
A
Causative agent
Reservoir of agent
Portal of exit
route of transmission
Portal of entry
Susceptible host
22
Q
What are the routes of transmission?
A
Contact transmission
Droplet
Airborne
Vector-borne
23
Q
Processes and procedures used to maintain a clean environment and prevent the spread of infection?
A
Medical asepsis
24
Q
What is Standard Precaution?
A
Every patient is treated as if they are potentially infectious
25
What are 2 common causes of burns?
Smoking and hot liquids
25
RACE? (fire safety)
Remove patients
Activate alarm
Contain the fire
Extinguish the fire
26
PASS? (fire safety)
Pull the pin
Aim nozzle
Squeeze handle
Sweep
27
What determines how much hospitals are paid for each hospital stay based on specific illnesses or procedures?
Diagnosis-related groups
28
What is an acute illness?
An illness that comes on quickly and last a short amount of time
29
What is a chronic illness?
An illness that develops slowly over time and lasts a long time
30
Subacute?
When patient is too sick to go home but not sick enough for the hospital
31
What is ambulation?
Walking
32
Supine
Flat back
33
Lateral
Laying on side
34
Sims'
Partly laying on side and partly prone
35
Prone
Flat on stomach
36
Trendelenburg
Diagonal with head down, feet up
37
Reverse Trendelenburg
Head up, feet down
38
Fowler's and Semi-Fowler's
Sitting up
39
What is Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs? (Top to bottom)
Self-actualization
Self-esteem
Belongingness and love
Safety needs
Physiological needs
40
What is objective data?
It is what you observe. Info gathered using senses
41
What is subjective data?
It is when the patient explains what they are experiencing
42
OBRA
Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act
43
HIPPA
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
44
What does geriatrics refer to?
It refers to the problem, disease, and care for the elderly
45
What does a decrease in estrogen lead to?
Osteoporosis
46
What is atrophy?
Muscle wasting; "if you don't use it, you lose it!"
47
What is the first symptom of Alzheimer's disease?
Short-term memory
48
What does CVA stand for?
Cerebrovascular accident aka stroke
49
What does CHF stand for?
Congestive heart failure
50
What is the most common type of dementia for elderly?
Alzheimer's disease
51
What does AMA stand for?
Against medical advice
52
Failure to provide reasonably expected nursing assistant care, which causes harm to a patient is known as....
Negligence
53
True or False: CNAs can't be found guilty of malpractice.
TRUE!
54
An individual who acts as a neutral mediator to advocate, investigate, and resolve complaints is known as.....
Ombudsman
55
What is an incident?
Unusual events such as accidents
56
BQA
Bureau of Quality Assurance
57
Bed sores are also known as.....
Decubitus ulcer
58
What are some causes of bed sores?
Pressure, moisture, friction, and shearing
59
What is the most common location for decubitus ulcers?
Tail bone
60
What blocks pain reception in the brain and also loss feeling in the entire body?
General anesthesia
61
What blocks the reception of pain only in the area to be operated on?
Local anesthesia
62
What is emesis?
Vomiting
63
What does NPO stand for?
Nothing by mouth
64
What does c/o mean?
Complain
65
What does q2h stand for?
Every 2 hours
66
What are the 4 types of baths?
Complete bed bath
Partial
Tub bath
Shower
67
What does AMA stand for?
Against medical advice
68
Who performs terminal cleanings?
Housekeeping
69
What are the 5 stages of grief?
Denial
Anger
Bargaining
Depression
Acceptance
70
What is the process called when a healthy body works to maintain internal stability?
Homeostasis
71
What is an abnormal change in organ or organ system that produces symptoms called?
Disease
72
What does HIV stand for?
Human immunodeficiency virus
73
What does AIDS stand for?
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
74
Which body system exchanges O2 into blood and CO2 out of the body?
Respiratory system
75
What are the 7 warning signs of cancer? (CAUTION)
Change
A sore
Unusual bleeding
Thickening
Indigestion
Obvious
Nagging
76
What is COPD?
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
77
What does HOB stand for?
Head of bed
78
Transport nutrient in the body and get rid of waste is the function of which system?
Circulatory system
79
What does CHF stand for?
Congestive heart failure
80
What does SOB stand for?
Shortness of breath
81
What does PVD stand for?
Peripheral vascular disease
82
Chronic narrowing, blockage or spasms in blood vessels, causing signs and symptoms of pain, numbness, and discoloration is known as......
Peripheral vascular disease (PVD)
83
What does s/s stand for?
Signs and symptoms
84
What is I & O?
Intake and outtake of fluids only
85
NAS stands for?
No added salt
86
What is included in the gastrointestinal system?
Mouth and esophagus
Digestive and GI systems
87
What is included in the circulatory system?
Heart and blood vessels
Cardiovascular system
88
What is included in the respiratory system?
Nose and mouth
89
What does the prefix trachy- mean?
Fast
90
What does the prefix brady- mean?
Slow
91
Digestion and transportation of nutrients and fluids is the function of which system?
Gastrointestinal system
92
What is emesis?
Vomiting
93
What is dysphagia?
Difficulty swallowing
94
What is the function of the urinary system?
Excrete waste, help maintain fluid balance and blood pressure
95
What are the 2 types of dialysis?
Peritoneal and heme
96
What is the function of the endocrine system?
Secrete and excrete hormones and other chemicals
97
A disease which pancreas doesn't secrete enough insulin, resulting in high amounts of glucose in the blood is called....
Diabetes mellitus
98
What are the 2 types of diabetes?
Type 1 and type 2
99
What is type 1 diabetes?
Occurs during childhood
100
What is type 2 diabetes?
Occurs during adulthood
101
What is hypoglycemia?
Low blood sugar
102
What is the normal blood level for adults?
60-120
103
What is hyperglycemia?
Too much glucose in blood
104
True or False: CNAs can take blood sugar levels.
TRUE
105
What does NCS stand for?
No concentrted sweets
106
The integumentary system includes.....
The skin
107
The musculoskeletal system includes.....
Muscle and bones
108
What is the function of the musculoskeletal system?
Movement of the body
109
Muscle wasting is called....
Atrophy
110
Permanant shortening of muscles due to inactivity is called...
Contractures
111
Inflammation of a joint is called...
Arthritis
112
Osteoporosis is....
The loss of bone density
113
What does PWB stand for?
Partial weight bearing
114
What does NWB stand for?
No weight bearing
115
What does FWB stand for?
Full weight bearing
116
What is the function of the nervous system?
Controls and coordinates all body functions
117
The urinary system includes...
right & left kidneys, right & left ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra
118
CPR
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
119
What does CAB stand for? (hint CPR)
Compression
Airway
Breathing
120
True or False: You can choke on liquid.
FALSE
121
What are the 2 general types of seizures?
Grand mal and petite mal
122
CVA is also known as....
Stroke
123
Occurs when organs or tissues don't receive adequate blood supply is called
Shock
124
A fluid inserted into the rectum and lower colon through a tube to create the urge to defecate is called a(n)
Enema
125
What are the 3 types of diets?
General diet
Therapeutic diet
Liquid diet
126
Changes in diet based on the condition of the client is what type of diet?
Therapeutic
127
What are the 2 types of liquid diets?
Clear
Full
128
Clear liquid is when you _____ see thru it
CAN
examples: juice, jello, broth, and tea
129
Full liquid is when you _____ see thru it
CAN'T
examples: pudding, milk, and yogurt
130
A G tube is known as a
Gastrostomy tube
131
A NG tube is known as a
Nasogastric tube
132
What does TPN stand for?
Total parenteral nutrition
133
Difficulty swallowing is called
Dysphasia
134
Return and maintain is called
Restorative
135
Regain the highest possible state of function is called
Rehabilitation
136
q2h stands for?
Every 2 hours
137
T.I.D stands for
3 times a day
138
Large bowel, formed stool -->
Colostomy
139
Small bowel, liquid stool -->
Ileostomy
140
A tube inserted through the urethra and into the bladder so urine can drain is called
Urinary Catheter
141
Most common form of dementia is
Alzheimer's disease
142
What does CAUTION stand for? (s/s for cancer)
Change in bowel of bladder habits
A sore that doesn't heal
Unusual bleeding or discharge; severe anemia
Thickening or lumps
Indigestion or difficulty swallowing
Obvious changes
Nagging cough or hoarseness
143
COPD stands for
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
144
What does FAST stand for? (s/s for stoke)
Face droop
Arm weakness
Speech slurred, dysphagia
T-Note time
145
What are the 5 types of defense mechanisms?
Repression
Suppression
Projection
Displacement
Compensation
146
What are the 3 types of specimen collection?
Urine
Stool
Sputum
147
Heat treatments _______ the blood vessels.
Dilates
148
Cold treatments ______ the blood vessels.
Constricts
149
What are the 5 stages of grief?
Acceptance
Denial
Anger
Bargaining
Depression
(not in order)
150
What are the 9 body systems?
Respiratory
Circulatory
Gastrointestinal
Urinary
Endocrine
Reproductive
Integumentary
Musculoskeletal
Nervous
151
3 types of paralysis
Hemiplegia
Paraplegia
Quadriplegia
