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Certified Nursing Assistant Study Guide > Chapters 9-16 > Flashcards

Chapters 9-16 Flashcards

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1
Q

Vital signs

A

The measurement of body temperature, pulse, respiration, and blood pressure

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2
Q

Baseline

A

The initial recording of vital signs taken when a patient is admitted to a facility

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3
Q

Axillary

A

Relating to or located in the armpit

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4
Q

Pulse

A

The beat of the heart felt as the rhythmic pressure of blood against the walls of an artery

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5
Q

Respiration

A

Breathing

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6
Q

Radial pulse

A

Pulse taken in the wrist

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7
Q

Apical pulse

A

Pulse taken with a stethoscope on the left side of the chest under the breastbone

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8
Q

Pulse deficit

A

The difference between the apical pulse rate and the radial pulse rate

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9
Q

Blood pressure

A

The force of blood as it is pushed against the walls of the arteries

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10
Q

Systolic pressure

A

The pressure of the blood when the heart contracts and pumps blood into the arteries; the point where the greatest pressure is put on the arteries

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11
Q

Diastolic pressure

A

The pressure of the blood between contractions of the heart, when the heart relaxes and the pressure on the arteries decreases

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12
Q

Sphygmomanometer

A

An instrument that along with a stethoscope, is used to measure blood pressure; aka blood pressure cuff

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13
Q

Hypertension

A

High blood pressure

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14
Q

Hypotension

A

Low blood pressure

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15
Q

Bariatrics

A

A medical specialty focused on the care and treatment of patients who are severely obese

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16
Q

Trochanter roll

A

A roller blanket or towel placed along a patient’s sides to keep the hips and legs from turning out

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17
Q

Footdrop

A

A condition in which the calf muscle tighten, causing the toes to point downward; occurs with patients who are confined to bed for a long period

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18
Q

Turning sheet

A

A folded sheet or draw sheet that’s used to turn, lift, or move a patient in bed; aka pull or lift sheet

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19
Q

Logrolling

A

A 2-person procedure for turning a patient without bending or twisting the spine

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20
Q

Postural support

A

A device used to help maintain a good posture or body alignment

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21
Q

Transfer belt

A

A wide belt worn by the patient fastened around the waist, which gives something secure to hold while supporting the patient during transfers; aka gait belt

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22
Q

Stretcher

A

A rolling table used to transport patients, aka gurney or litter

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23
Q

Mechanical lift

A

An electric or hydraulic device used to move certain patients into or out of bed, and into wheelchair, bathtubs, and other places

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24
Q

Ambulation

A

Walking around

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25
Q

Admission

A

A set of procedures that marks a patient’s entry into a facility

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26
Q

Transfer

A

A set of procedures that involves movement from the patient unit to another location in the facility or temporary movement of the patient outside the facility

27
Q

Discharge

A

The set of procedures that marks a patient’s release from a facility

28
Q

Draw sheet

A

A sheet made of plastic or cotton placed crosswise in the middle of a bed over the bottom sheet to protect the bedding from a patient’s discharges and to soften the bed

29
Q

Closed bed

A

A bed made after a patient leaves. The top is closed so it will stay clean until a new patient comes in

30
Q

Open bed

A

A bed that’s opened by folding the top linens back; made for a new patient or for a patient who will be out of bed for only a short time

31
Q

Occupied bed

A

A method of bedmaking used when a patient is confined to the bed. The bed is made while the patient is still in it

32
Q

Surgical bed

A

A bed prepared for a patient who’s returning to the unit after surgery. The bed is left at stretcher height, and the covers are fan folded to the far side of the bed

33
Q

Mitered corner

A

Method of tucking in the corners of bed linens that keeps them neat and stretched tightly

34
Q

Dentures

A

Removable false teeth

35
Q

Pressure injury

A

An inflammation, sore, ulcer (open skin) in the skin tissue, generally caused by remaining in a lying (decubitus) position for a long period of time

36
Q

Shearing

A

Forces that cause skin to move in 1 direction while the tissue below move in the opposite direction

37
Q

Pressure point

A

An area on the body that bears the body’s weight when lying or sitting and where bones lie close to the skin’s surface

38
Q

Nutrient

A

1 of many chemical substances in food that promote growth and the maintenance of health

39
Q

Carbohydrates

A

A type of nutrient made up of primarily of starches and sugars, which is used by the body to produce heat and energy

40
Q

Protein

A

A type of nutrient consisting of amino acids derived from food, which is essential for growth and the repair of body tissue

41
Q

Fat

A

A type of nutrient that provides the most concentrated form of energy and that’s used by the body to store energy; types include animal fat and vegetable fat

42
Q

Vitamin

A

A type of nutrient of plant or animal origin that triggers a wide variety of bodily processes

43
Q

Mineral

A

A type of nutrient made up of nonliving chemical compounds that functions in metabolism and helps build body tissue

44
Q

Calorie

A

The measurement of the energy stored in food and also the energy expended by a person

45
Q

Osteoporosis

A

A condition characterized by the loss of bone density, causing bones to become more brittle and easily fractured. A calcium poor diet is a potential cause

46
Q

Anemia

A

A blood disorder characterized by a lack of the oxygen-carrying component (called hemoglobin) in the red blood cells. The most common type is caused by a lack of iron intake

47
Q

General diet

A

A basic, well-balanced diet prepared for patients who don’t have a specific dietary requirement

48
Q

Therapeutic diet

A

A special diet designed for a treatment or to meet the particular nutritional needs of a patient

49
Q

Liberalized diet

A

A diet that encourages choice to promote greater quality of life

50
Q

Force fluid

A

A physician’s order for a patient to take extra fluids

51
Q

Nasogastric tube feeding

A

A method of feeding a patient through a tube channeled down the nose and throat and into the stomach; aka gavage

52
Q

Gastrostomy tube

A

A tube that feeds a patient through an opening in the abdomen that goes directly into the stomach

53
Q

Defecation

A

The discharging of feces from the rectum through the anus

54
Q

Constipation

A

A condition in which feces are hard and dry and can’t be easily eliminated from the body

55
Q

Incontinence brief

A

Absorbent briefs made of cloth or disposable material used by residents who have difficulty controlling urination or defecation

56
Q

Bedpan

A

Portable pan in which all patients defecate and in which female patients urinate while in bed

57
Q

Portable bedside commode

A

A moveable chair with a toilet seat that’s used for elimination at the bedside

58
Q

Perineal care

A

Cleaning and care of a patient’s genital and anus areas

59
Q

Perineum

A

The area between the external genitals and the anus

60
Q

Urinary catheter

A

A tube inserted through the urethra and into the bladder to drain urine

61
Q

Urinary tract infection (UTI)

A

Infection involving any structure of the urinary system, caused by bacteria invading the urethra, bladder, ureters, and/or kidneys

62
Q

Foley catheter

A

A urinary catheter that’s left in the bladder so urine can drain continuously; aka indwelling or retention catheter

63
Q

Condom catheter

A

A catheter for male patients that consist of a soft rubber sheath (condom) attached to drainage tube

64
Q

Urinary meatus

A

The external opening of the urethra, which is the insertion site of a catheter

Certified Nursing Assistant Study Guide (7 decks)

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