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Certified Nursing Assistant Study Guide > Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Flashcards

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1
Q

Emphysema

A

A chronic disorder of the lungs in which the alveoli can no longer expand and contract completely, and the normal exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide can’t occur

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2
Q

Asthma

A

A chronic respiratory disorder that causes narrowing of the bronchial passages and difficulty breathing

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3
Q

Tuberculosis (TB)

A

A chronic, infectious lung disease caused by bacteria, which is transmitted through droplets released by sneezing and coughing

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4
Q

Edema

A

Swelling of body tissue due to excessive accumulation of fluid

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5
Q

Implantable cardioverter defibrillator

A

A device planted in the chest that can send an electrical impulse to correct a heartbeat that’s too fast or irregular and that may be life threatening

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6
Q

Emesis

A

Vomit

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7
Q

Flatus

A

Intestinal gas

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8
Q

Ostomy

A

A surgical procedure that creates an artificial opening in the body

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9
Q

Stoma

A

An artificial opening of an internal organ on the surface of the body, such as a colostomy, ileostomy, or tracheostomy (opening to the throat)

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10
Q

Colostomy

A

Type of ostomy where a portion of the large intestine is brought through an incision in the abdominal wall

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11
Q

Ileostomy

A

A type of ostomy where a portion of the ileum (lower part of the small intestine) is brough through an incision in the abdominal wall

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12
Q

Gland

A

An organ that produces a secretion (such as enzymes or hormones) to be used elsewhere in the body

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13
Q

Hormone

A

A chemical substance that stimulates and regulates certain reactions in the body

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14
Q

Exocrine gland

A

A gland that secretes substances into ducts that lead to other body organs or out the body

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15
Q

Endocrine gland

A

A ductless gland that secretes substances directly into the bloodstream

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16
Q

Diabetic coma

A

Caused by severe hyperglycemia; state of unconsciousness and unresponsiveness

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17
Q

Insulin shock

A

Shock caused by hypoglycemia, usually caused by an overdose of insulin or insufficient food intake

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18
Q

Lesion

A

Localized abnormality of the skin, such as a wound, sore, or rash, caused by injury or disease

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19
Q

Ligament

A

Connective tissue that connects bone to bone and support joints

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20
Q

Tendon

A

Strong bands of connective tissue that connect skeletal muscle to bone

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21
Q

Cartilage

A

Connective tissue that cushions joints and prevents the ends of bones from rubbing together

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22
Q

Contracture

A

A permanent tightening up or shortening of a muscle

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23
Q

Traction

A

A method of treatment using weights and pulleys to immobilize broken bones while they heal

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24
Q

Peripheral nervous system

A

The cranial nerves and spinal nerves that extend through the body

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25
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

The part of the nervous system that controls involuntary actions such as breathing, heartbeat, and digestion.

26
Q

Cerebrovascular accident (CVA)

A

A stroke; interruption of blood flow to the brain, which may be caused by hemorrhage, thrombus, embolus, or narrowing of the blood vessels due to atherosclerosis

27
Q

Thrombus

A

A blood clot that forms in and blocks a blood vessel

28
Q

Embolus

A

A clot or other mass that travels through the bloodstream and eventually blocks a blood vessel

29
Q

Glaucoma

A

An eye disease in which there’s too much pressure of fluid in the eye, causing damage to the retina and optic nerve

30
Q

Cataract

A

An eye disorder in which the lens loses transparency, leading to a gradual blurring and dimming of vision

31
Q

Hemiplegia

A

Weakness or paralysis on one side of the body, commonly due to a stroke

32
Q

Aphasia

A

A loss of the ability to communicate following a stroke or head injury

33
Q

Quadriplegic

A

A person who has paralysis from the neck down

34
Q

Sign

A

An indication of disease that can be detected by others; objective data

35
Q

Symptom

A

An indication of disease that’s felt by the patient; subjective data

36
Q

Benign

A

Referring to a tumor that generally grows slowly and stays localized

37
Q

Malignant

A

Referring to a cancerous tumor, which can grow uncontrollably and spread to other parts of the body

38
Q

Cancer

A

The uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the body’s tissue or organs

39
Q

Chronic bronchitis

A

Persistent or recurrent inflammation of the air tubes (bronchi) in the lungs

40
Q

Plasma

A

The colorless, fluid part of the blood that carriers the blood cells

41
Q

Jaundice

A

A yellow discoloration of the skins and whites of eyes, which is a sign of many liver and gallbladder disorders

42
Q

Urine

A

Waste fluid produced by the kidneys, stored in the bladder, and excreted through the urethra

43
Q

Incontinence

A

The inability to control bladder or bowel function

44
Q

Dialysis

A

The removal of waste products from the blood by a hemodialysis machine as treatment for kidney failure

45
Q

Diabetes mellitus

A

A disease in which the pancreas doesn’t secrete enough insulin, resulting in high amounts of glucose in the blood

46
Q

Hyperglycemia

A

A condition in which there’s too much sugar in the blood

47
Q

Hypoglycemia

A

A condition in which there’s too little sugar in the blood

48
Q

Marrow

A

The soft material filling the hallow interior of the bones, where blood cells are produced

49
Q

Joint

A

Point where 2 bones come together

50
Q

Bursitis

A

Inflammation of the bursa, the small fluid-filled sac that cushions many joints

51
Q

Arthritis

A

Any of several disorders that cause inflammation of the joints

52
Q

Fracture

A

A break or crack in bone

53
Q

Hip pinning

A

A medical procedure used to repair a hip fracture by fastening the 2 bone ends with a long metal pin

54
Q

Central nervous system

A

Part of the nervous system made up of the brain and spinal cord, which together regulate all bodily functions

55
Q

Paraplegic

A

A person who has paralysis of the lower half of the body

56
Q

Homeostasis

A

The process by which a healthy body works to maintain an internal stability or balance, such as stable blood pressure and body temperature

57
Q

Disease

A

An abnormal change in an organ or system that produces a set of symptoms

58
Q

AIDS

A

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome; a viral disease that depress the body’s immune system

59
Q

HIV

A

Human immunodeficiency virus; the virus that cause AIDS. It invades and destroys T cells, which are crucial to the immune system’s ability to ward off infections

60
Q

Tumor

A

Any new growth in or on the body

Certified Nursing Assistant Study Guide (7 decks)

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