Chapter 8 Flashcards
Emphysema
A chronic disorder of the lungs in which the alveoli can no longer expand and contract completely, and the normal exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide can’t occur
Asthma
A chronic respiratory disorder that causes narrowing of the bronchial passages and difficulty breathing
Tuberculosis (TB)
A chronic, infectious lung disease caused by bacteria, which is transmitted through droplets released by sneezing and coughing
Edema
Swelling of body tissue due to excessive accumulation of fluid
Implantable cardioverter defibrillator
A device planted in the chest that can send an electrical impulse to correct a heartbeat that’s too fast or irregular and that may be life threatening
Emesis
Vomit
Flatus
Intestinal gas
Ostomy
A surgical procedure that creates an artificial opening in the body
Stoma
An artificial opening of an internal organ on the surface of the body, such as a colostomy, ileostomy, or tracheostomy (opening to the throat)
Colostomy
Type of ostomy where a portion of the large intestine is brought through an incision in the abdominal wall
Ileostomy
A type of ostomy where a portion of the ileum (lower part of the small intestine) is brough through an incision in the abdominal wall
Gland
An organ that produces a secretion (such as enzymes or hormones) to be used elsewhere in the body
Hormone
A chemical substance that stimulates and regulates certain reactions in the body
Exocrine gland
A gland that secretes substances into ducts that lead to other body organs or out the body
Endocrine gland
A ductless gland that secretes substances directly into the bloodstream
Diabetic coma
Caused by severe hyperglycemia; state of unconsciousness and unresponsiveness
Insulin shock
Shock caused by hypoglycemia, usually caused by an overdose of insulin or insufficient food intake
Lesion
Localized abnormality of the skin, such as a wound, sore, or rash, caused by injury or disease
Ligament
Connective tissue that connects bone to bone and support joints
Tendon
Strong bands of connective tissue that connect skeletal muscle to bone
Cartilage
Connective tissue that cushions joints and prevents the ends of bones from rubbing together
Contracture
A permanent tightening up or shortening of a muscle
Traction
A method of treatment using weights and pulleys to immobilize broken bones while they heal
Peripheral nervous system
The cranial nerves and spinal nerves that extend through the body
Autonomic nervous system
The part of the nervous system that controls involuntary actions such as breathing, heartbeat, and digestion.
Cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
A stroke; interruption of blood flow to the brain, which may be caused by hemorrhage, thrombus, embolus, or narrowing of the blood vessels due to atherosclerosis
Thrombus
A blood clot that forms in and blocks a blood vessel
Embolus
A clot or other mass that travels through the bloodstream and eventually blocks a blood vessel
Glaucoma
An eye disease in which there’s too much pressure of fluid in the eye, causing damage to the retina and optic nerve
Cataract
An eye disorder in which the lens loses transparency, leading to a gradual blurring and dimming of vision
Hemiplegia
Weakness or paralysis on one side of the body, commonly due to a stroke
Aphasia
A loss of the ability to communicate following a stroke or head injury
Quadriplegic
A person who has paralysis from the neck down
Sign
An indication of disease that can be detected by others; objective data
Symptom
An indication of disease that’s felt by the patient; subjective data
Benign
Referring to a tumor that generally grows slowly and stays localized
Malignant
Referring to a cancerous tumor, which can grow uncontrollably and spread to other parts of the body
Cancer
The uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the body’s tissue or organs
Chronic bronchitis
Persistent or recurrent inflammation of the air tubes (bronchi) in the lungs
Plasma
The colorless, fluid part of the blood that carriers the blood cells
Jaundice
A yellow discoloration of the skins and whites of eyes, which is a sign of many liver and gallbladder disorders
Urine
Waste fluid produced by the kidneys, stored in the bladder, and excreted through the urethra
Incontinence
The inability to control bladder or bowel function
Dialysis
The removal of waste products from the blood by a hemodialysis machine as treatment for kidney failure
Diabetes mellitus
A disease in which the pancreas doesn’t secrete enough insulin, resulting in high amounts of glucose in the blood
Hyperglycemia
A condition in which there’s too much sugar in the blood
Hypoglycemia
A condition in which there’s too little sugar in the blood
Marrow
The soft material filling the hallow interior of the bones, where blood cells are produced
Joint
Point where 2 bones come together
Bursitis
Inflammation of the bursa, the small fluid-filled sac that cushions many joints
Arthritis
Any of several disorders that cause inflammation of the joints
Fracture
A break or crack in bone
Hip pinning
A medical procedure used to repair a hip fracture by fastening the 2 bone ends with a long metal pin
Central nervous system
Part of the nervous system made up of the brain and spinal cord, which together regulate all bodily functions
Paraplegic
A person who has paralysis of the lower half of the body
Homeostasis
The process by which a healthy body works to maintain an internal stability or balance, such as stable blood pressure and body temperature
Disease
An abnormal change in an organ or system that produces a set of symptoms
AIDS
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome; a viral disease that depress the body’s immune system
HIV
Human immunodeficiency virus; the virus that cause AIDS. It invades and destroys T cells, which are crucial to the immune system’s ability to ward off infections
Tumor
Any new growth in or on the body
