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Certified Nursing Assistant Study Guide > Chapter 16-24 > Flashcards

Chapter 16-24 Flashcards

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1
Q

Specimen

A

A sample of a material, such as blood, urine, or spinal fluid, taken from a patient’s body for diagnostic purposes

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2
Q

Sputum

A

Material coughed up from the lungs or bronchial tubes and spit out of the mouth

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3
Q

Midstream

A

Refers to a urine specimen in which collection is begun after the urine stream has started and stops before the urine stream ends

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4
Q

Clean-catch

A

Refers to a urine specimen that’s obtained without being contaminated by anything outside of the patient’s body

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5
Q

Stool

A

Bowel movement or feces

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6
Q

Expectorate

A

To cough up material from the lungs or windpipe and spit it out

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7
Q

Saliva

A

Thin, clear liquid produced by the salivary glands in the mouth

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8
Q

AM care

A

Routine care performed when a patient wakes up in the morning

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9
Q

PM care

A

Routine care performed before a patient goes to sleep at night

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10
Q

Restorative care

A

Care that focuses on helping a patient return to and maintain a level of health and well-being; TO MAINTAIN

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10
Q

Rehabilitation

A

A type of health care that helps a patient regain the highest possible state of functioning

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10
Q

Occupational therapist (OT)

A

A professional who helps patients regain muscle control, coordination, and tolerance for activity, with the goal of recovering the ability to live and work as independent as possible

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11
Q

Physical therapist (PT)

A

A professional who uses exercises and other techniques to help patients regain mobility

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12
Q

Speech-language pathologist (SLP)

A

A professional who helps patients improve their speech, communication, and swallowing

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13
Q

Prosthesis

A

An artificial body part

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14
Q

Orthotic

A

An appliance used to support, align, or correct deformaties

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15
Q

Fecal impaction

A

The blockage of the bowel by a mass of hard feces

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16
Q

Suppository

A

A solid, easily melted medication that’s inserted into a body opening such as the rectum or vagina

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17
Q

Range-of-motion (ROM) exercises

A

Exercises in which each muscle and joint in the body is moved through its full range of motion– that’s, all the movements it’s normally capable of

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18
Q

Passive ROM

A

Exercises in which the CNA moves the patient’s limbs through the range of motion

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19
Q

Active ROM

A

Exercises in which the patient moves the limb through the range of motion without help

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20
Q

Active-assistive ROM

A

Exercises in which the patient moves the limb through as much range of motion as possible and the CNA helps with the rest

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21
Q

Spasticity

A

Increased tightness in a muscle, causing it to resist stretching and movement

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22
Q

Abduction

A

The movement of an arm or leg away from the center of the body

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23
Q

Adduction

A

The movement of an arm or leg toward the center of the body

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24
Q

Extension

A

Straightening a body part

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25
Q

Flexion

A

Bending a joint

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26
Q

Rotation

A

The movement of a joint in a circular motion around its axis

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27
Q

Supination

A

Turning the palm upward

28
Q

Dorsal flexion

A

Bending the foot up toward the leg

29
Q

Plantar flexion

A

Bending the foot down toward the sole

30
Q

Pronation

A

Turning the palm downward

31
Q

Radial deviation

A

Bending the wrist toward the thumb

32
Q

Ulnar deviation

A

Bending the wrist away from the thumb

33
Q

Dilate

A

To enlarge or expand

34
Q

Constrict

A

To make narrower or smaller

35
Q

Cyanosis

A

Bluish color to the skin due to a lack of oxygen in the blood

36
Q

Sitz bath

A

A type of bath in which only the genital and anal areas are soaked

37
Q

Enema

A

A fluid injected into the rectum and lower colon that empties the bowel

38
Q

Rectal tube

A

A tube placed in the rectum to relieve flatus pressure in a patient’s lower bowel

39
Q

Flatus bag

A

A bag connected to the rectal tube for the purpose of containing flatus or feces removed from the rectum

40
Q

Rectal suppository

A

A small waxy pellet that’s inserted into the rectum to provide lubrication or medication

41
Q

Preoperative

A

Before surgery

42
Q

Postoperative

A

After surgery

43
Q

General anesthetic

A

A drug that blocks the reception of pain in the brain, causing loss of feeling in the entire body and unconsciousness

44
Q

Local anesthetic

A

A drug that blocks reception of pain only in the area to be operated on

45
Q

Aspirate

A

To inhale foreign material (such as vomit) into the lungs

46
Q

Infusion

A

A solution introduced into a vein, such as by an IV

47
Q

Binder

A

A device that holds a surgical dressing in place and helps support weakened body part

48
Q

Subacute care

A

Provided in a facility for patients who are well enough to be discharged from the hospital, but who still require complex care that can’t be provided at home

49
Q

Physiatrist

A

A MD experienced in geriatrics, physical medicine, and rehab

50
Q

Invasive equipment

A

An object that’s put into the body, such as into a vein, into the skin, or into a body opening such as mouth or nose

51
Q

Noninvasive equipment

A

An object that doesn’t require placement into the body

52
Q

Dexterity

A

Having the skill to handle equipment and patients carefully and correctly

53
Q

Geriatric

A

Referring to the problems, diseases, and care of the elderly

54
Q

Disoriented

A

Confused; unable to remember or recognize people, places, times, or situations

55
Q

Dementia

A

A general term given to symptoms associated with the chronic, organic decline of mental ability

56
Q

Alzheimer’s disease

A

The most common form of dementia, in which nerve cells in the brain degenerate, causing a progressive loss of mental function

57
Q

Stimulus

A

An event or change in a person’s external or internal environment that causes a response in the mind or body

58
Q

Sundowning

A

A behavior commonly associated with dementia, in which a person exhibits increased confusion and restlessness in the late afternoon, evening, or night

59
Q

Reality orientation

A

The use of techniques that help patients with cognitive impairments remain attuned to their environment, to time, and to themselves

60
Q

Validation therapy

A

The use of techniques that help patients with cognitive impairments feel dignity and worth by having their feelings and memories ackowledged

61
Q

Reminiscing

A

Talking about past experiences, especially pleasant ones

62
Q

Terminal illness

A

An illness or injury from which a patient is not likely to recover

63
Q

Resuscitate

A

To revive or bring back to life

64
Q

Advance directive

A

A patient’s prewritten instructions regarding life-prolonging measures, such as resuscitation and the use of feeding tubes

65
Q

Hospice care

A

A special program designed to provide supportive care for terminally ill individuals and their families

66
Q

Rigor mortis

A

The stiffening of a person’s body and limbs that occur after death

67
Q

Postmortem care

A

The care of a patient’s body after death

68
Q

Morgue

A

A temporary holding area for bodies until they are claimed for burial

Certified Nursing Assistant Study Guide (7 decks)

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