REVIEW Flashcards
rapid screen for stroke
BE FAST
Balance: check LOB/coordination
Eyes:
Face:
Arm:
Speech:
Time:
atypical synergies
predictable movement patterns occurring during voluntary OR as associated reactions. Thus, movements become “stereotypical” and restrictive of normal activities.
lumbar puncture diagnoses what conditions?
- inflam/infection: meningitis, encephalitis, MS
- subarachnoid hemorrhage
- pseudotumor cerebri (high opening pressure)
- cancer involving meninges
- INJECTING MEDS (chemo, anesth)
complications of lumbar puncture
post LP headache (positional)
bleeding
infection
back pain
(could rare: herniation, nerve injury)
CT is used for
acute: stroke, trauma
can see skull
vascular structures but NOT BRAINSTEM WELL
*radiation exposure
what is hyperdense and hypodense on CT
hyper: WHITE: bone
hypo: DARK: CSF, fat
BLOOD IS HYPERDENSE WHITE ON CT
what is hypodense on CT
stroke, edema, fluid, air
what is the best test for CNS diseases
MRI
infarcts, hemorrhages, vascular malformations, aneurysms, tumors, degenerative disorders, contusions, demyelination (MS), epilepsy, infections
DWI is what color in acute stroke
BRIGHT
what is myelography used for
visualization of subarachnoid space (via lumbar puncture)
spinal stenosis, cord AVM, tumor, abcess
conventional angiography is used for
occlusions, dissections, angiitis, aneurysms, vascular malformations
injection of thrombolytics
EEG is used for
seizures, brain death, encephalopathy, dementia, coma
VEP, BAEP, SSEP
visual: VEP: alternating checkerboard pattern
auditory: BAEP: auditory clicks through earphones
sensory: SSEP: Electrical stimuli applied to peripheral nerves
evoked potentials are used for
MS to find subclinical demyelination
brain lesions (BAEP)
acoustic neuroma (BAEP)
SCI (SSEP)
what is EMG?
Electromyography (EMG): Insertion of a small needle into individual muscles and recording of motor unit potentials at rest and with activity
what is NCV
Nerve conduction velocities (NCV): Electrical stimulation over nerves with recording of sensory and motor nerve potentials and velocities
what do axonal neuropathies show on EMG/NCV
low amp on NCV
abnormal spont activity on EMG
what do demyelinating neuropathies show on EMG/NCV
slowed conduction
what do myopathies show on NCV/EMG
normal NCV, small duration, low amp pot
MG on NCV/EMG
abnormalities on repetitive nerve stim
lacunar pure motor stroke
weak face arm leg
IC or PONS
lacunar sensory stroke
lack sensation in face arm leg
THALAMUS
lacunar sensorimotor stroke
both face arm leg sens and motor
THALAMUS AND IC
dysarthria/clumsy hand syndrome
lacunar stroke at base of pons
ataxia/hemiparesis stroke
PONS/IC/ subcortex
thalamic stroke
pain, sensory loss contra, mild hemiparesis
cerebellar stroke: AICA
hearing loss
face weak
ataxia
horners syndrome
PICA/vertebral artery stroke
Wallenburg
Spinothalamic
throat 9, 10 , 11, 12
autonomic
superior cerebellar artery stroke
ipsi ataxia, scanning speech
standard door to needle time in a stroke:
60 min! (45 or less is best)
for ever 30 min delay, 10% decrease in prognosis
Intracerebral hemorrhage due to HTN is in what locations
putamen, cerebral hemisphere, thalamus, cerebellum, pons
ICH score combines
ICH volume, IVH, age and GCS score
predictors of TBI outcome
location of injury, size, area
LOC
PTA
age
prev hx of TBI
intelligence
