LAST MINUTE REVIEW

Question 1

clock drawing tests what domains

Answer 1

visuospatial
executive
attention
memory

Question 2

Stroop tests what domain

Answer 2

executive functioning colors/words

Question 3

predictors of rapid progression MCI to dementia

Answer 3

medial temporal lobe atrophy
hypometabolic pattern on PET
*exercise tx

Question 4

alzheimers affects which 2 lobes first

Answer 4

temporal and parietal

Question 5

vascular dementia affects what 3 MOCA domains

Answer 5

ATTENTION
visuospatial, delayed recall

Question 6

lewy body dementia affects what 2 lobes

Answer 6

parietal, occipital
*visuospatial, attention MOCA deficits

*executive function deficits, visual hallucinations, masked face, stooped posture, REM, fluctuations

Question 7

FTD affects what 2 lobes

Answer 7

frontal, temporal
empathy loss, disinhibition, apathy, compulsion

Question 8

Involuntary sustained or intermittent contractions cause twisting/repetitive movements or abnormal postures

Answer 8

dystonia

Question 9

repeated non-rhythmic brief shock-like jerks

Answer 9

myoclonus

Question 10

repetitive simple movements that can be suppressed

Answer 10

stereotypy

Question 11

parkinson’s tremor looks like

Answer 11

uni then bilateral
hands, legs, chin
rest&raquo_space; posture
pronation/sup pill rolling
slower frequency

Question 12

essential tremors look like

Answer 12

bilateral
hand, leg, head, voice, tongue
action, posture
up and down, faster

Question 13

drug induced rest tremors

Answer 13

dopamine blocking, antipsychotics
metoclopramide

Question 14

Tetrabenazine

Answer 14

treats chorea (depletes dopamine)

Question 14

Wilson’s disease

Answer 14

copper!
treatable autosomal recessive
tremor, personality change, ataxia, abnormal mvmt (chorea, athetosis, rigidity), dysarthria

Question 15

GCS scale: eyes opening

Answer 15

1 none
2 to pain
3 to speech
4 spontaneous

Question 16

GCS verbal response scores

Answer 16

1. none
   2 incomprehensible sounds
2. inapprop words
   4 confused
   5 oriented

Question 17

GCS motor response

Answer 17

1 none
2 decerebrate
3 decorticate
4 withdraws
5 localizes
6 obeys!

Question 18

head injury localizing signs (pupil, gag)

Answer 18

Anisocoria (pupil size differences)
* Diplopia due to CN palsies
* Absence of gag (glossopharyngeal -> vagal)
* Abnormal breathing patterns

Question 19

subdural hematoma

Answer 19

low-velocity injury
acute: veins tear between dura and brain
chronic: 14 days-months
MOON SHAPE

Question 20

epidural hematoma

Answer 20

lens/convex shape
lucid interval, then comatose/die (very dangerous)
bleeding from meningeal artery/vein, torn by temporal/parietal fx

Question 21

hallmarks of concussion

Answer 21

confusion
amnesia
symptoms for 1 month
post concussion syndrome: after 1 month

Question 22

should CT be used to diagnose concussion in sports?

Answer 22

NO
use LOC, mental stat, skull fx, GCS below 15, deterioration, focal neuro findings

Question 23

indications for emergency management of TBI

Answer 23

GCS below 15
deteriorating mental status
spinal injury
progressive, worsening symptoms

Question 24

signs of concussion

Answer 24

LOC
balance/motor incoordination
disorientation/confusion
loss of memory
blank/vacant look
facial injury

Question 25

cryptococcosis and mucormycosis

Answer 25

fungal infections of CNS
mucormycosis: diabetes complication, can cause stroke

Question 26

neurocysticercosis

Answer 26

SEIZURES (main cause of seizures in ben taub)
parasite from undercooked pork
(seizures, headaches, arachnoiditis)
-hydrocephalus, meningitis, strokes