LECTURE 4

Question 1

what is the leading cause of non traumatic disability in young adults

Answer 1

MS (immune mediated CNS disease)

Question 2

multi environmental risk factors

Answer 2

EBV exposure
Low sun exposure
Obesity
Smoking
-female, young

Question 3

Movement of autoreactive T cells and demyelinating antibodies from the systemic circulation into the CNS through disruption of the blood-brain barrier.
IS WHAT…

Answer 3

multiple sclerosis

Question 4

most common form of MS

Answer 4

relapsing remitting MS
-80-90%

Question 5

Corticospinal and corticobulbar lesions cause what in MS

Answer 5

UMN spastic weakness 80%
with spastic paraparesis most common

Question 6

MS sensory symptoms

Answer 6

DCML less common, usually spinothalamic
Lhermitte’s: electric shock
*trigeminal neuralgia!!!!

Question 7

brainstem symptoms of MS

Answer 7

Nystagmus
diplopia
facial weakness
vertigo
dysphagia
trigeminal neuralgia.
* Internuclear ophthalmoplegia(INO) lesion: medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF). Inability to adduct ipsilateral eye, with nystagmus on abduction
of contralateral eye.

Question 8

internuclear ophthalmoplegia is a sign of what?

Answer 8

MS!
nystagmus with contra abduction,
no adduction of ipsi eye
LESION OF MEDIAL LONGITUDINAL FASCICULUS

Question 9

UHTHOFF’S PHENOMENON

Answer 9

“The Bathtub Test”
worse with heat, better with cold
MS!!!!

Question 10

what is the most important diagnostic tool for MS?

Answer 10

MRI