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Advanced Laboratory Operations and Automation > Review > Flashcards

Review Flashcards

1
Q
  • how close measurements are to each other
A

Precision

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2
Q

how close a measurement is to the true/accepted value

A

Accuracy

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3
Q

a tests ability to designate an individual with a disease as positive

A

Sensitivity

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4
Q

a tests ability to designate someone who does not have the disease as negative

A

Specificity

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5
Q

a graph which QC data is plotted to visualize whether a lab test is working well

A

Levey-jennings chart

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6
Q

inspection aspect of quality management; product oriented,

A

QC (quality Control)

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7
Q

relates to how a process is preformed, how a product is made

A

QA (quality Assurance)

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8
Q

Westgard Rules:

  • 12s?
A

one measurement exceeds 2 standard deviations above or below the mean

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9
Q

Westgard Rules:

  • 13s?
A

one measurement exceeds 3 standard deviations above or below the mean

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10
Q

Westgard Rules:

  • 22s?
A

2 measurements in a row exceed 2 standard deviations above or below the mean

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11
Q

Westgard Rules:

  • R4s?
A

two measurements in the same run have a standard deviation difference

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12
Q

Westgard Rules:

  • 41s?
A

four measurements in a row exceed 1 standard deviation on the same side of the mean

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13
Q

Westgard Rules:

  • 10x
A

10 measurements in a row are on the same side of the mean

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14
Q

reviews & accredits labs to ensure safety & patient care criteria

A
  • CAP (College of American Pathologists)-
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15
Q

federal law that has standards to protect patient health & information

A
  • HIPAA (health Insurance Portability & Accountability Act)
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16
Q

regulated labs to ensure they provide accurate, reliable & timely test results

A
  • CLIA (Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments)
17
Q

like CLIA but national??

A
  • COLA
18
Q

Analyzers:

in regards to mixing, uses centrifugal force or flow turbulence. In terms of analyzers, discrete analyzers compartmentalize each test reaction (most of the ones we use currently)

A

Discrete

19
Q

Analyzers:

in regards to mixing, uses mixing coils. In analyzers continuous refers to a single channel, sequential batch analyzer that cab provide single test results on multiple samples (~40)per hour. It has carry-over problems and is wasteful. We do not like or use.

A

Continuous

20
Q

Prozone or Postzone?

too much antibody

A

Prozone

21
Q

Prozone or Postzone?

too much antigen

A

post-zone

22
Q

Passive agglutination: particles coated with ________.

A

antigen

23
Q

Reverse Passive Agglutination: particle coated with _____________.

A

antibody

24
Q

________ uses radioactive isotopes as labels and is very sensitive

A

RIA

25
Q

What are the 3 major steps of PCR?

A
  1. Denaturing- when the nucleic acid is split into two, occurs at 95C
  2. Annealing- the primer strand attaches to the nucleic acid, occurs at 55C
  3. Extension- TAQ polymerase is used to build complementary strands in large amounts, occurs at 72C
26
Q
  1. DNA and RNA separation; types of gels to separate nucleic acids?
A
  • Agarose gels
27
Q

Electrophoresis:

Proteins are ___________ (acid & base groups, net charge ++ in acidic base, 0 at higher pH and == (neg) at alkaline pH

A

amphoteric

28
Q

Where do you load the sample with citrate agar?

A

the MIDDLE

29
Q

___________ refers to the movement of molecules from one end of the buffer to another. In protein electrophoresis, positive ions in the buffer form a positive ion cloud, and this cloud moves in the direction of the cathode

A

Endosmosis

30
Q

What will be seen with an Acute Inflammatory response on electrophoresis?

A
  1. Will show normal or decreased albumin
  2. Increased a1 and a2 globulins
31
Q

What will be seen with liver disease on electrophoresis?

A
  1. Decreased albumin
  2. Decrease a1, a2 & B-globulins
  3. Increased IgA in gamma fraction
32
Q

What does Cytometry measure?

A

measurement of physical/chemical characteristics of cells

33
Q

is measurements made upon cells that are suspended in a fluid stream. The cells have to be able to be separated and not cohesive

A

Flow cytometry

34
Q

What is Flow cytometry used for ?

A
  • Immune panel (peripheral blood) to evaluate immune competency
  • Oxidative Burst for detecting chronic granulomatous disease due diminished NADPH / oxidase activity
  • Leukocyte Adhesion Markers
  • Leukemia / lymphoma workup
35
Q
  • Analyzes the resistance created by each cell passing through an electrical field
  • Counter principle is increased resistance that occurs when poorly conductive cells pass through the aperture
  • Examples are Abbott, Beckman Coulter Inc. and Sysmex Corp
A

Electrical impedance

36
Q
  • Analyzes light scatter detected by each cells passing through a beam of light
  • Siemens Healthcare, Sysmex Corp, Abbott Diagnostics
A

Light Scatter

Advanced Laboratory Operations and Automation (17 decks)

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