Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Advanced Laboratory Operations and Automation > Micro automation > Flashcards

Micro automation Flashcards

1
Q

Traditional microbiology

Susceptiblitity studies of isolation

primary isolation

A

 Prior to 1980, the standard was
traditional microbiology:
 Agar plates and enrichment
broths for primary isolation
 Test tubes for biochemical
testing to identify isolates
 Kirby-Bauer plates and broth
dilution tubes for susceptibility
studies of isolates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Current Instrumentation and
Automation In Microbiology

Blood culturing detecting systems

A

Blood culture detection systems
 Bacterial identification and susceptibility systems
 Total Lab Automation
 Immunoassay systems
 Molecular methods
 Helpful when organisms cannot be successfully cultured
 Rapid information for physician

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Blood culture system advantages

A

 Early detection of bacterial growth
 Detection of slow-growing bacteria (e.g.
Mycobacteria)
 Decreased tech time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Blood culture system disadvantages

A

 High initial cost of instrument
 Cannot detect some fastidious organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Blood culture system

Bactec fX

A

Uses fluorescence detection technology
 Each bottle has a chemical sensor for
CO2
 Growth of organism = increased CO2 =
increased fluorescence
 Increase in fluorescence is proportional to
amount of CO2
 Instrument monitors for increases in
fluorescence every 10 minutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Bactec FX media

A

 Media- resin media
(neutralization of
antimicrobials)
 Aerobic
 Anaerobic
 Pedi
 Myco/F Lytic
 And other
specialty media

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

BacT Alert

A

(bioMerieux)
 Noninvasive, continuous
monitoring; barcodes
 pH sensitive membranes in
bottom of bottles
 pH change resulting from CO2
production indicated by color
change
 Instrument measures CO2
production colorimetrically
 Tests each bottle 144 times/day,
plots growth curve from plot of
reflectance vs. time.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

BacT Alert

A

Each bottle contains an internal
colorimetric sensor on
the bottom that detects carbon dioxide
as a measure of bacterial growth. If
bacteria are in the patient’s blood, they
will produce CO2 and the sensor will
change from blue-green to yellow.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Bact/ Alert virtuo

A

 Next generation
from bioMerieux
 Bottles loaded and
unloaded
automatically-
robotics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Media for Bactec

A

 TSB, supplemented
 Pedi, Aerobic and anaerobic bottles
 With antimicrobial-agent adsorbing
polymeric beads
 Aerobic and anaerobic also available
without antimicrobial beads
 (historically charcoal was used—no longer
available)
 Also Middlebrook 7H9 for Mycobacteri

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

VersaTrek ( Trek diagnostic systems

A

 Continuous monitoring (aerobic every 12
minutes, anaerobic every 24 minutes)
 Gases detected in headspace pressure
 Internal computer monitors changes and
determines when to flag a bottle as
positive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Blood culture systems

Once blood culture is positive then

A

 Once blood culture is positive,
identification proceeds in the normal way

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Micro steps of diagnosis

A

1st step- gram stain and subculture
2nd step Notify
3rd step PNA FISH PCR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

PNA FISH

A

Peptide Nucleic Fluorescence In Situ
Hybridization (PNA FISH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Mutiplex PCR panels

One panel instrument

A

Biomeriuex filmarray

●One panel with 27 targets – 8 Gram +, 10 Gram -, 5 yeast, 3 antimicrobial resistance markers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Luminex Verigene

A

 Two panels – GN – 9 organism calls and 6
antimicrobial resistance markers and GP – 13
organism calls and 3 antimicrobial resistance markers

17
Q

Genmark

A

 Three panels – GN has 21 organism calls and 6
antimicrobial resistance markers, GP has 20 organism
calls and 4 antimicrobial resistance markers, Fungal-
14 yeast and 1 fungus

18
Q

Automated Rapid systems for Microbial Identification

Use what reactions

Types of panels

A

 Most use turbidity, colorimetry, and
fluorescent assay principles
 Panels of freeze-dried or lyophilized
reagents provided in microtiter trays or
sealed cards
 Panels are incubated, read, and
interpreted by the system software

19
Q

Automated Raped systems for microbial identification
TAT
Interfaces with

A

 Reported as statistical prediction of correct
identification, based on database
 Rapid turnaround time (usually < 24 hours)
 Interface with laboratory or hospital
information systems

20
Q

Microscan W/A

A

 Robot arms move trays to reader at the correct
time.
 Oil overlay and reagent are added to the proper
wells
 Read, interpret and print panel results
 Does require CLS interpretation (exceptions)
 Rapid fluorescence panels and conventional
panels available

21
Q

Automated Rapid systems for Microbial Identification

Vitek 2 system

A

 a “Space-age product”–created in 1960 by
McDonnell Douglas
 64-microwell cards contain substrates for
identification of bacteria and AST
 Suspension and card placed into a rack
(cassette), card is filled and placed into an
incubator-reader module
 Optically scanned and read every 15 minutes

22
Q

Automated Rapid Systems for
Microbial Identification

The computer soft ware collects

Interfaces with what

Turn around time is what

A

 The computer software collates the
information and matches to a database;
reports in percentages of isolate IDs
 Interfaces with susceptibility cards
 Turnaround time usually < 8 hours

23
Q

Automated Rapid ID systems

Microscan system

A

 Substrates conjugated with fluorophores
and substrates with a fluorescent pH
indicator
 Wells inoculated with suspension of
organism
 Incubated 2 hrs

24
Q

what also provides rapid ID

A

Vitek also provides Rapid ID

25
Q

VITEK cards

Microscan panels combine

A

separate cards for AST
 Microscan panels combine ID and AST

26
Q

ID/AST and Blood Culture
Instrument Maintenance

A

 Preventive maintenance program
 Temperatures (daily) –some blood
culture instruments
 Instruments have daily, weekly, and
monthly maintenance defined by
manufacturer

27
Q

Quality control

A

 QC organism (weekly for AST
cards/panels) if IQCP (Individual
Quality Control Plan) in place
 Tests panels/cards
 Reagents
 Instrument function
 Streamlined QC also possible with
VITEK2 ID cards
 New lot/new shipment of panels/cards

28
Q

MALDI TOF

A

Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption
Time Of Flight

29
Q

MALDI TOF components

A

Desorption–> Desolvation and ionization–>( proton transfer) to mass analyzer

30
Q

Molecular Technology –
Sample-to-Answer Systems

A

 Single target PCR assays
 Multiplex panels (Syndromic Panels)
 Fully automated sample to answer
system
 Point-of-care

31
Q

Single target PCR systems

A

Cepheid GeneXpert
Examples for screening include:
 Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA)
 Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE)
 CarbaR – carbapenem resistance

32
Q

Cepheid GeneXpert
Examples for diagnosis include

A

Clostridioides difficile (C.diff)
 Influenza
 Inflenza/RSV
 Norovirus
 COVID-19 (Emergency Use-EU approval)

33
Q

Cepheid GeneXpert
Test menu includes

A

19 Clinical Microbiology tests (screening and diagnostic)

34
Q

Syndromic panels ( Multiplex PCR)

A

 Based on a particular site/general diagnosis
(multiple instruments available):
 Diarrheal disease (parasites, bacteria, and
viruses)
 Respiratory disease (viruses and bacteria)
 Meningitis (bacteria, viruses, yeast)
 Septicemia (already discussed in blood cultures)

35
Q

Molecular Assays
Advantages

A

 Molecular assays are more sensitive
and specific
 Molecular assays are faster
 Molecular assay interpretation is more
objective

36
Q

Molecular Assays

Disadvantages

A

 Expense for reagents and
instrumentation
 False positives possible if proper
contamination control is not used

37
Q

Types of multiplex pcr panels

A

●BCID panels – direct from positive blood culture

bioMerieux FilmArray

Luminex Verigene

GenMark

38
Q

Automated Immunoassays

A

Bio-Rad Evolis (One example)
●Hepatitis testing

●MMR immunity (IgG and IgM)

●EBV serology

●HIV serology

Self-contained microplate processor—
Automated EIA testing

39
Q

Fully Automated System - Roche cobas 6800

A

HIV-1, HBV, HCV, CMV, HIV 1 and 2 Qual
COVID-19 (Emergency Use-EU approval)

Advanced Laboratory Operations and Automation (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions