Blood Bank Automation for Transfusion Services Flashcards
What are the tests under “Immediate Spin”?
-ABO
-Rh
-Donor confirmation
Whare are the blood bank tests under “Indirect Antiglobulin Test” (IAT)?
*Antibody Screen
* IgG Crossmatch
* Phenotype
*Weak D
*Antibody Identification
Two additional blood bank tests?
-IgG Direct Antiglobulin Test (DAT)
-CMV
What testing is the gold standard in blood bank?
tube testing!
What are the benefits of automation?
- Reduction in
operating costs - Redesign of work
processes and
support systems - Increased
productivity - Enhanced total
quality
What are the challenges of automation?
-Job replacement
-staff Involvement in decision making
-cost justification issues
-time investment
-training and validation may require extra staff
Who regulates automated laboratory equipment?
-CAP
-FDA
Automation should meet the criteria for what three things?
criteria for testing, sample handling, and data handling
What does random-access mode mean?
samples can be added at anytime
In blood bank, automated systems have been developed for…
What can the instruments perform?
- SPRCA assays * Microtiter plates * Gel technology
- ABO and Rh testing * Antibody detection and identification * Crossmatching
- Assays are performed on microplates using the
same principles as in tube agglutination - Bar-coded samples and reagents are used
- Plates are automatically read using a camera
reader
Hemagglutination
Assays
SPRCA assays are used for both __________
antiglobulin tests (IATs) and _________
antiglobulin tests (DATs)
Indirect, direct
Microtiter wells have RBC membranes bound
to the surface
- Patient antibodies (if present) will attach to the
corresponding antigen covering the well
*Negative results form a button at the bottom of the well - Capture-R Select® assay system immobilizes RBCs other than screen or panel cells
SPRCA Assays
How are SPRCA assay results different from tube testing?
cell button = negative test
What are the steps in SPRCA assays?
-Use microtiter plate coated with antigen coated wells
-add plasma or serum with LISS
-incubate at 37 degrees Celsius
-wash (unbound will be washed away, while antibody being tested will stay intact on well surface)
-add indicator red cells (nonspecific IgG?)
-centrifuge
-unbound will clump up to produce “button”, indicating negative test, positive will stay attached and stay disbursed
-assay that detects RBC antibodies in
serum or plasma
-Wells are precoated with protein A, which has a
high affinity for the Fc portion of immunoglobulins
Solidscreen II
What is a positive and negative test look like for Solidscreen II test?
Positive test: RBCs and antibody to immunoglobulin G (antiIgG antibody) bind with protein A, forming a smooth
monolayer
* Negative test: RBCs form a button at the bottom of the well
What are the steps in Solidscreen II testing?
-sample, LISS and RBC are pipetted into wells (pre-coated with protein A)
-incubation at 37 degrees Celsius
-Wash with diluted wash solution then anti-human globulin added
-centrifugation
-read results (“button” = negative)
- Hemagglutination assay
- ABO, D, and other RBC
antigen testing - Monoclonal antisera are
dried in microwells
(anti-sera dissolves off the well?)
Erytype S
TANGO™ Infinity (Bio-Rad) combines ___________ and _____________.
Erytype S, Solidscreen II
What are two automated SPRCA Systems?
TANGO™ Infinity (Bio-Rad)
Capture™ system (Immucor)
-Microtiter plates accommodate
SPRCA or hemagglutination
testing
*both solid phase
What are the benefits of ORTHO ProVue®?
- Eliminates time-consuming processes
- Increases productivity
- Enhances process control
What are the tests used withORTHO ProVue®?
- Agglutination: ABO and D, Rh phenotyping, IS crossmatching
- DAT: anti-IgG, anti-IgG-C3d antibodies
- IAT: antibody screening and identification, IAT crossmatching
What are the components of ORTHO ProVue®?
computer, software, instrument, bar-code
scanner, printer
How many cameras does ORTHO ProVue have?
3
What is the automated Gel system called?
ID-MTS™ Gel Test (Ortho Clinical Diagnostics)
- Automated instrument is ORTHO ProVue®
-dose not have a wash step
-dose not need to be diluted or saline
gel testing
