Reversible Tissue Injury

Question 1

Reversible tissue injury

Answer 1

-ability to return from injury back to normal cell (functional and morphological changes will disappear if the damaging stimulus is removed
>usually changes in the morphology of the cell (slight changes to function)

Question 2

Two patterns of reversible tissue injury

Answer 2

1.acute cellular swelling
2.intracellular accumulation (fatty change and steroid hepatopathy)

Question 3

Acute cellular swelling

Answer 3

-appears whenever cells are incapable of maintaining ionic and fluid homeostasis
>cloudy swelling
>hydropic or vacuolar degeneration
>ballooning degeneration

Question 4

Cell injury, ATP, and cloudy swelling

Answer 4

-when damage, ATP production reduced and therefore ATPase unable to function properly
>K out, Na in… water follows it =results in cloudy swelling
*cells will appear larger and paler

Question 5

Vacuolar degeneration

Answer 5

Ex.porcine coronavirus
-virus destroys the epithelium, and shrinks down

Question 6

Ultrastructural changes

Answer 6

-seen under EM
-Membrane: blebbing, blunting of microvilli, loosening of intercellular attachments
-Mitochondria swelling
-dilation go the ER (vacuolation), with detachment and disaggregation of ribosomes

Question 7

Tissue injury significance clinically

Answer 7

-reduction in cell function (in neurons and myocardium)
-will return to normal function if injury removed
-diagnostic significance
>damage will only appear after time therefore immediate death will not show cell injury
**Acute myocardial injury

Question 8

Capripoxvirus

Answer 8

-individual swelling of cells appear as swelling in the mouth or legs

Question 9

Ruminal Acidosis steps

Answer 9

1.increase in carbohydrate rich feed
2.abnormal bacterial growth
3.decreased ruminal pH
4.chemical damage to the epithelium
5. osmotic chemical changes

Question 10

Ruminal acidosis prognosis

Answer 10

-will likely survive
>acute lesions of ruminal acidosis
>lesion begins to heal=development of scar
>stellate scars form
-can sometimes get fungal infections after ruminal acidosis

Question 11

If animal has stellate scars in necropsy, what does this tell us?

Answer 11

-animal had ruminal acidosis at some point and survived
-no clinical significance now as it is not the reason of death

Question 12

Hepatic lipidosis

Answer 12

-abnormal accumulation of lipids
-liver appears yellow, greasy, friable, and enlarged
-can be diffuse (all of liver) or zonal (reticular pattern becomes more pronounced)
-lipid bubbles appear in histology

Question 13

Reticular

Answer 13

-alternating areas of light and dark

Question 14

Causes of hepatic lipidosis

Answer 14

-abnormal mobilization
-reduced utilization
-reduced synthesis of ketones or apoprotein
-reduced export

Question 15

Fat accumulation in liver reasoning

Answer 15

1.More fat coming into the hepatocytes than the liver is able to metabolize
*move mobilization of fat by the body as a whole
Ex.cat runs away and begins to break down body fat because lack of food supply
2. Animals that are protein deficient. Prevents transportation through lack of ability to create and transport VLDL because lack of apoprotein

Question 16

Clinical significance of hepatic lipidosis

Answer 16

-Livers with hepatic lipidosis are more friable and can lead to hemorrhage
-hepatic lipidosis will float in water because fat is light/buoyant

Question 17

Steroid heptopathy

Answer 17

-excess steroids produced in body (ex. tumour on adrenal gland, steroid medications)
-accumulation of glycogen within the liver
-slightly larger and friable, but appears paler than normal
-vacuoles appear lacy in histology