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Gen Path #1 > Descriptions > Flashcards

Descriptions Flashcards

1
Q

Description

A

-to record and communicate changes
-often list from most to least important
*normal tissues and organs not described

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2
Q

Descriptions should include:

A

-location
-distribution
-size/extent
-shape and contour
-margins
-colour
-consistency/texture
-special features

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3
Q

Describing Location

A

-name of organ
-anatomical location
-abnormal position/relation

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4
Q

Single lesion descriptors

A

-Focal
-locally extensive
-unilateral

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5
Q

Focal Lesion

A

-single lesion
-relatively small in comparison

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6
Q

Locally extensive lesion and example

A

-takes up a larger area of the confined area

Ex.hollow tubular muscular organ
>ball of hay within esophagus
»Horse has choke

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7
Q

Unilateral lesion

A

-all of one is different than the other (in paired)
Ex. subdural hemorrhage on right side of the brain

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8
Q

Multiple lesions

A

-multifocal
>need quantification (TNTC, two, etc.)
>random or uniform/predicted repetition

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9
Q

Multifocal Random

A

-cross section of liver with multiple pale sections
>10 lesions
>no particular pattern therefore random

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10
Q

Bilateral example

A

-cross section of Kidney
>kidneys should be solid organs but this cross section shows bubbles (air space/cysts) within kidneys
>Quantification: TMTC

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11
Q

Generalized zonal (centrilobular)- Liver Example

A

-Ex.liver
>mottled/yellowing/darkening of tissue
>Generalized: all areas of organ are affected
>zonal pattern because it is localized around portal vein

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12
Q

Generalized zonal (centrilobular)- Nutmeg Liver Example

A

-general because all over organ
-zonal because localized around portal vein

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13
Q

Multifocal to coalescing

A

-Pig example with red splotches all over skin
>multifocal (because all over)
Coalescing (when small areas join together to make a larger area)

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14
Q

Multifocal laminar necrosis

A

-Ex. PEM in brain
-multiple areas of brain affected=multifocal
-White matter seems to be unaffected, whereas grey matter affected
-Layered lesion=laminar

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15
Q

Diffuse lesions

A

-if all areas are affected than will be diffuse (cannot point to an area that is not affected)
*can be difficult to ID because it is everywhere

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16
Q

Segmental

A

-Ex.megaesophagus
-tubular/linear organ with only one part of it affected=segmental

17
Q

Transmural (and segmental)

A

-Ex. pig intestines (portion is diffusely black/dark red)=only a portion so segmental
-Transmural goes all the way through the wall (histologically)

18
Q

Describing Size/Extent

A

-critical for determining the impact of the lesion on overall tissue function
-size is best described in metric measures (cm)
-extent is percentage of the organ

19
Q

Shape and blood supply

A

-specific shape is often determined by blood supply
>Ex. vessels in pigs supply diamond shape area therefore when damaged, normally affects diamond area of skin

-Shape types: circular, rhomboidal, wedge shaped, spherical/nodule, distended

20
Q

Spherical/nodular

A

-Ex.deer with nodules
>multifocular
>vary in size (1-6cm in diameter)
>between 10-20 nodules
>coalescing

21
Q

Rhomboidal

A

-Ex. Red patches on pig skin (diamond Skin Disease)
-multifocal, coalescing
-diamond/square shape= rhomboidal

22
Q

Circular lesions on soft palate

A

-circle on soft palate of Ox can help determine disease

23
Q

Distended colon example

A

-Ex. colon (one portion distended, one portion small)
>in neonatal animal and therefore considered to be developmental issue

24
Q

Wedge-shaped

A

-portion of organ is wedge-shaped
-implying blood supply issue

25
Q

Diffuse vs. generalized

A

Generalized: to what extent the lesions occur. All over the place in tissue
>often linked to multifocal
Diffuse: entire tissue is affected
>does not link with multifocal. Usually just one giant lesion

26
Q

Surface contour

A

-Bulging- lesion is bulging Ex. eye
-Depressed/sunken
-Smooth
-corrugated (ex. intestines usually relatively smooth; microvilli forming grooves/folds)
-Rough/shaggy (ex. heart- should be smooth)
-Crusts

27
Q

Depressed lesions

A

-erosions (superficial epithelium lost)
-ulcers (deep; superficial epithelium and basement membrane lost and damaged respectively)

28
Q

Erosions

A

-superficial and do not penetrate the basement membrane of the mucosa/epidermis

29
Q

Ulcers

A

-deeper and do penetrate the basement membrane

30
Q

Margin descriptors

A

*is it easy or hard to tell where the legion starts and stops
-well demarcated
-poorly demarcated

31
Q

Expansile

A

-lesion is expanding and compressing surrounding tissue
»often provides well demarcated region

32
Q

Colours

A

-think simple colours
-transparent and cloudy

33
Q

No nos of colour

A

-don’t use pale
-don’t say “in colour”
-no food related colours
-ensure that interpretation is not involved (ex. melon like)
-don’t use scarlet; use red
-don’t use “ish” … what is the difference

34
Q

Texture and consistency

A

-need to touch specimen
-don’t use squishy or slimy

35
Q

Texture and consistency options

A

-Hard (forehead-bone, tooth, nail), firm (nose), soft (cheek)
-Strong vs. weak- used in comparison of what you would expect
-Friable-crumbles easily
-turgid- internal fluid pressure (ex. eye) increase
-Firm- inflammation in lung results in inflammatory cells and increase in collagen= interstitial pneumonia
-Rubbery-
-Spongy
-Flaccid
-Fluid, semi-liquid, viscous

36
Q

Special features that make something special

A

-odor
-pH
-protein content
-specific gravity
-fluorescence under UV light

37
Q

Interpretation

A

-medical interpretation of observations recorded in description results in diagnosis

38
Q

Morphological diagnosis

A

Includes:
-Process (inflammation, necrosis, neoplasia)
-Anatomical location (organ)
-Severity (mild, moderate severe) subjective
-duration (acute, subacute, chronic)
-Distribution (focal, multifocal, diffuse)
-Type of inflammatory exudate

39
Q

Other diagnoses

A

-Differential morphological Dx- other ideas of what it could be
-Etiological Dx- cause
-Name of disease

Gen Path #1 (12 decks)

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