Retroviruses/oncogenic viruses

Question 1

Retroviruses cause

Answer 1

tumors, auto-immune diseases, immunodeficiency

Question 2

subfamilies of human retroviruses

Answer 2

oncoviruses, lentiviruses, spumaviruses

Question 3

Retroviruses

Answer 3

enveloped(buds), positive single-stranded RNA virus, cytoplasm rep

Question 4

Retrovirus virion capsid contains

Answer 4

2 copies of RNA genome and RNA dependent DNA polymerase (reverse transcriptase) (goes thru DNA intermediate(provirus))

Question 5

Oncoviruses examples

Answer 5

HTLV-1,2; Rous sarcoma; bovine leukemia virus

Question 6

Lentiviruses infect

Answer 6

many different mammalian species (esp primates)

Question 7

3 major groups of primate lentiviruses

Answer 7

Human immunodeficianecy virus I (HIV-1); HIV type 2 (less common), SIV (simian immunodeficiency virus)

Question 8

lenti means

Answer 8

slow (refers to slow progression of disease)

Question 9

SIV

Answer 9

cousin of HIV, in monkeys, good study tool for HIV

Question 10

3 stages if infection for lentiviruses

Answer 10

1. initial infection (nonspecific presentation)
2. latent period (some immune control, no disease)
3. high levels of viral replication leads to disease

Question 11

HIV and HTLV have distinct

Answer 11

appearance under microscope

Question 12

Important HIV genomic proteins

Answer 12

gag, pol, env, tat & rev

Question 13

HIV gag protein

Answer 13

used to diagnose HIV infection-core proteins, structural

Question 14

HIV pol protein

Answer 14

reverse transcription, protease, integrase

Question 15

HIV tat and rev

Answer 15

control transcription

Question 16

HIV env protein

Answer 16

vaccine target

Question 17

HIV infects what cells?

Answer 17

CD4+ T cells and macrophages

Question 18

indication of HIV

Answer 18

ballooning of cells

Question 19

antigenic drift of ______ evades immune response

Answer 19

gp120

Question 20

HIV virus is constantly changing bc

Answer 20

reverse transcriptase is highly error prone, challenge for vaccine creation

Question 21

Modes of transmission of HIV

Answer 21

sexual contact, blood transfusion, shared needles, transplacental or perinatal infection of neonates

Question 22

HIV cell receptors

Answer 22

CD4 (primary), ccr5, cxcr4 (human chemokine receptors)

Question 23

HTLV disease

Answer 23

HAM, TSP

Question 24

HTLV endemic areas

Answer 24

asia, japan, carribean

Question 25

HTLV lacks a formal

Answer 25

oncogene

Question 26

HTLV REX

Answer 26

equivalent to REV in HIV

Question 27

HTLV TAX

Answer 27

equivalent to TAT in HIV

Question 28

HTLV REX and TAX may

Answer 28

have role in oncogenesis

Question 29

HTLV retroviral therapy doesn’t work well but

Answer 29

many people don’t develop disease from infection

Question 30

HTLV infects what cells?

Answer 30

CD4

Question 31

Methods of HTLV transmission

Answer 31

same as HIV

Question 32

HTLV vaccine potential

Answer 32

good bc of stabililty of envelope sequences