GI tract and Tissue-dwelling helminth infections

Question 1

Trichinosis parasite and transmission

Answer 1

Parasite: Trichinella spiralis
Transmission: oral route
Consumption of infected undercooked meat, pork, ham from wild boar or other game animals

Question 2

Trichinella is found (in body)

Answer 2

embedded in mucosa of GI tract

Question 3

Trichinella transmission

Answer 3

release microphilaria, which wait to be ingested by a carnivorous animal to complete its life cycle

Question 4

Trichinosis don’t cause much tissue damage unless

Answer 4

they go to other organs such as heart or brain

Question 5

Elephantiasis (Lymphatic Filariasis) Parasite and transmission

Answer 5

Parasite: Wuchereria bancrofti
Transmission: mosquito insect vector transmits infective microfilariae

Question 6

Elephantiasis Life-Cycle: Adult worms

Answer 6

cause disease

Question 7

How do the Elephantiasis adult worms cause disease?

Answer 7

go into lymphatic system and block (cause edema)

Question 8

River Blindness parasite and transmission

Answer 8

(Onchocerciasis) Parasite: Onchocerca volvulus

Transmission: Blackfly insect vector transmits infective microfilariae

Question 9

River Blindness life cycle: microfilarial larvae

Answer 9

cause disease

Question 10

River Blindness: adult filarial worms cause what symptoms?

Answer 10

subcutaneous fibrous nodules

Question 11

River Blindness: microfilarial larvae can invade the eyes and cause

Answer 11

inflammatory lesions leading to sclerosing keratitis and blindness

Question 12

Hookworm parasite and transmission

Answer 12

Parasite: Necator americanus
Ancylostoma duodenale
Transmission: infective larvae penetrate the skin (no insect vector)

Question 13

Hookworm Life-Cycle: infective larvae

Answer 13

mature in the soil, penetrate the skin

Question 14

Hookworm adult worms

Answer 14

major cause of disease; bite into mucosa, continuously bite to feed on blood

Question 15

Strongyloides parasite and transmission

Answer 15

Parasite: Strongyloides stercoralis
Transmission: infective larvae penetrate the skin

Question 16

Strongyloides Life-Cycle

Answer 16

direct parasitic cycle and indirect free living cycle

Question 17

Strongyloides Life-Cycle: parasitic cycle

Answer 17

become infective if soil conditions are poor

Question 18

Strongyloides Life-Cycle: free living cycle

Answer 18

feed on bacteria in soil under good conditions

Question 19

Strongyloides symptoms: larvae can cause

Answer 19

pneumonitis (larval migration through the lungs)

Question 20

Strongyloides symptoms in AIDS patients

Answer 20

Strongyloides hyperinfection syndrome

(massive autoinfection with filariform larvae in the presence of severe immunosuppression)

Question 21

Pinworm parasite and transmission

Answer 21

Parasite: Enterobius vermicularis
Transmission: fecal-oral route: uptake of infective eggs

Question 22

Pinworm is the

Answer 22

most common parasitic helminth in the US

Question 23

Pinworm is particularly common in

Answer 23

children and nursing homes

Question 24

Pinworm diagnosis

Answer 24

scotch tape method

Question 25

Ascaris parasite and transmission

Answer 25

Parasite: Ascaris lumbricoides Transmission: oral route: uptake of infective eggs (contaminated food, etc)

Question 26

Acaris life cycle: larvae

Answer 26

can cause pneumonitis with eosinophilia (larval migration through the lungs)

Question 27

Acaris life cycle: adult worms

Answer 27

can cause obstruction of small intestine, bile ducts and trachea; appendicitis

Question 28

Pork Tapeworm parasite and transmission

Answer 28

Parasite: Taenia solium Transmission: fecal-oral route: uptake of infective eggs oral route: consumption of infected undercooked pork

Question 29

Pork Tapeworm Life-Cycle: infective eggs

Answer 29

give cysticercosis (shed in stool of infected person)

Question 30

Pork Tapeworm Life-Cycle: Infected Raw Meat

Answer 30

gives tapeworm

Question 31

Pork Tapeworm neurocysticercosis

Answer 31

most common helminth infection of the CNS

Question 32

Dog Tapeworm (Hydatid Disease) parasite and transmission

Answer 32

Parasite: Echinococcus granulosus Transmission: fecal-oral route: uptake of infective eggs

Question 33

Dog Tapeworm life cycle: infective eggs

Answer 33

give hydatid disease (cysticercosis)

Question 34

Dog Tapeworm pathology: Echinococcus granulosus

Answer 34

causes hydatid disease, has many cysts-if punctured, cysts can spread into circulation

Question 35

Schistosomiasis (Bilharzia) Parasite and transmission

Answer 35

Parasite: Schistosoma spec. Transmission: Aquatic snails as intermediate host infective cercariae larvae penetrate the skin

Question 36

Schistosomiasis life cycle

Answer 36

aquatic snails release infective cercariae; cercariae penetrate the skin

Question 37

Schistosoma mansoni

Answer 37

hepatic/intestinal infection

Question 38

Schistosoma haematobium

Answer 38

urinary infection

Question 39

Schistosoma japonicum

Answer 39

hepatic/intestinal infection

Question 40

mansoni and haematobium are ______, but japonicum is also found in

Answer 40

only in humans; also found in bovine (esp water buffalo)