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viro/para exam 3 > Arboviruses and emerging viral infections > Flashcards

Arboviruses and emerging viral infections Flashcards

1
Q

arboviruses

A

arthropod borne viruses (mosquitoes=common vector)

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2
Q

Alphaviruses

A

+ polarity single stranded RNA with an envelope

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3
Q

Alphavirus types

A

VEE, EEE, WEE, chikungunya

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4
Q

Alphaviruses can cause disease in

A

horses and humans

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5
Q

Bunyavirus

A
  • polarity single stranded RNA virus with envelope
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6
Q

Bunyavirus examples

A

California encephalitis virus(LaCrosse), Hantaan, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic, cytopathologic effects

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7
Q

Arenavirus

A
  • ss RNA virus, envelope
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8
Q

arenavirus example

A

lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCV)-zoonoses

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9
Q

St. Louis encephalitis

A

usually mild

most severe in infants and elderly

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10
Q

EEE (Eastern Equine Encephalitis)

A

rare, most severe equine disease, young and elderly most susceptible

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11
Q

West Nile Fever Virus

A

+ ssRNA, enveloped icosahedral

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12
Q

West Nile is transmitted by_____ and is predominantly in _____

A

mosquitoes; Africa

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13
Q

severe forms of WNV

A

meningitis, encephalitis, meningoencephalitis

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14
Q

major reservoir for WNV

A

birds

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15
Q

togaviruses

A

+ ss RNA, enveloped, Alphavirus

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16
Q

flaviviruses

A

+ ss RNA, enveloped

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17
Q

examples of flaviviruses

A

yellow fever, dengue, st louis enceph, west nile

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18
Q

VHF (Viral Hemorrhagic Fever) caused by

A

enveloped RNA viruses

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19
Q

Many VHFs are ________; some are ________.

A

arborviruses; zoonotic

20
Q

Pathologic hallmark of VHF

A

damage to overall vascular system

21
Q

VHF symptoms

A

conjunctivitis, petechia, echymosis

22
Q

Most VHF viruses are classified as ______, which induce_______.

A

biosafety level four (highest level); high mortality

23
Q

VHF examples

A

flavivirus(yellow fever, dengue fever), arenaviruses(lassa fever virus), bunyavirus(hantaan virus, crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever, Rift Valley fever virus), filoviruses(marburg, ebola)

24
Q

Yellow fever

A

flavivirus (flavi=yellow), transmitted by mosquitoes, 1 antigenic type, restricted to africa, central and south am, and carribean

25
Q

yellow fever clinical features

A

may be mild, liver damage in some cases–>black vomit; vaccine available (live attenuated 17D)

26
Q

Dengue fever

A

flavivirus, most common virus transmitted by mosquitoes, 4 antigenic types (diff to make vaccine), severe form “backbreak fever”

27
Q

pathogenesis of dengue hemorrhagic fever shock syndrome

A

involves virus-Ab complex

28
Q

Lassa Fever Virus

A

Arenavirus, rat reservoir (zoonotic), can respond to antiviral ribavirin

29
Q

Korean Hemorrhagic Fever

A

bunyavirus, caused by hantaan virus, rodent reservoir, results in hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome

30
Q

Filoviridae

A

ss RNA, ex: marberg, ebola

31
Q

Ebola Reston

A

mutation in ebola resulting in infection of monkeys, not in humans (the hot zone)

32
Q

Filoviruses attach to what cell recpetors?

A

glycoproteins

33
Q

ebola

A

pleomorphic; 4 types: Zaire, Sudan, Ivory Coast, and Reston (monkeys) 1st 3 cause disease in humans

34
Q

ebola structure

A

enveloped, - ssRNA, has peplomer (spike on viral capsid or viral envelope)

35
Q

filovirus protein NP

A

nuleoprotein; primary structural protein associated with the filovirus nucleocapsid

36
Q

filovirus protein VP35

A

acts as cofactor in transcription and replication of viral proteins

37
Q

filovirus protein VP40

A

matrix protein, also most abundant viral protein; may facilitate in the budding process

38
Q

filovirus protein GP

A

Glycoprotein- makes up the virion spikes or peplomers and mediates entry into host cells thru receptor binding

39
Q

Filovirus protein sGP

A

secreted from the cell, present only in ebola victims; may help inhibit immune response

40
Q

In ebola infection, host dies with little evidence of ______.

A

immune response

41
Q

immune system evasion proteins in ebola

A

mainly sGP(decoy), VP35-ifn, GP-immunosuppressive

42
Q

ebola can cause

A

cytotoxicity, hemorrhage, and shock

43
Q

Concern about mutation of Ebola virus to

A

a more virulent or aerosolized variant (bc its an RNA virus)

44
Q

ebola incubation period, death occurence

A

inc: 2-21 days

death occurs w/in 7-16 days from shock

45
Q

ebola targets what kind of cells?

A

macrophages, liver cells, endothelial cells

46
Q

ZMapp

A

humanization of 3 mouse monoclonal antibdies, effective in monkeys against ebola

47
Q

TKM-Ebola

A

small interfering RNAs targeting several ebola proteins

viro/para exam 3 (7 decks)

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