Retroviruses

Question 1

The virus responsible for causing tumors in animals, discovered by Peyton Rous, is __________.

Answer 1

Rous Sarcoma Virus

Question 2

The enzyme that allows retroviruses to reverse transcribe RNA into DNA, discovered in 1970, is __________.

Answer 2

Reverse Transcriptase

Question 3

HIV belongs to the family __________.

Answer 3

Retroviridae

Question 4

The two main types of human retroviruses are __________ and __________.

Answer 4

HTLV-1, HIV

Question 5

The subtype of HIV most common in the Americas is __________.

Answer 5

Subtype B

Question 6

The subtype of HIV prevalent in Southern Africa and India is __________.

Answer 6

Subtype C

Question 7

HIV-1 originated from __________, while HIV-2 originated from __________.

Answer 7

SIVcpz (chimpanzees), SIVsm (sooty mangabeys)

Question 8

The receptor on human cells that HIV primarily binds to is __________.

Answer 8

CD4

Question 9

HIV uses the co-receptor __________ on macrophages and dendritic cells and the co-receptor __________ on T helper cells.

Answer 9

CCR5, CXCR4

Question 10

The process by which HIV integrates its genetic material into the host genome is called __________.

Answer 10

Integration

Question 11

HIV has a high mutation rate due to __________.

Answer 11

Recombination of two strands of RNA

Question 12

The major structural gene in HIV that codes for the matrix and capsid proteins is __________.

Answer 12

gag

Question 13

The enzyme in HIV responsible for integrating viral DNA into the host genome is __________.

Answer 13

Integrase

Question 14

The accessory gene __________ in HIV is responsible for enhancing viral infectivity.

Answer 14

vif

Question 15

One of the screening tests for HIV detects antibodies to __________ and __________ for HIV-1.

Answer 15

gp120, gp41

Question 16

The co-receptor preference for M-tropic HIV viruses is __________, while for T-tropic viruses it is __________.

Answer 16

CCR5, CXCR4

Question 17

The subtype of HIV commonly found in Turkey includes __________ and __________.

Answer 17

Subtype B, CRF

Question 18

The first screening tests for HIV involve detecting __________ or __________.

Answer 18

Antigens, Antibodies

Question 19

HIV fusion inhibitors, such as __________, prevent the virus from entering host cells.

Answer 19

Enfuvirtide