Retrovirus Flashcards
1
Q
Retroviruses are frequently carried lifelong
A
T
2
Q
Retroviruses carry an integrase enzyme
A
T
3
Q
Malignant transformation of host cells is a typical effect of several retroviruses
A
T
4
Q
Retroviruses are enveloped, their resistance is low
A
T
5
Q
The reverse transcriptase transforms DNA of the retroviruses to mRNA
A
F
6
Q
Retroviruses are stable viruses; genetic changes are rare
A
F
7
Q
Retroviruses are euryxemic agents
A
F
8
Q
Retroviruses are frequently carried lifelong
A
T
9
Q
Retroviruses are generally host specific viruses
A
T
10
Q
Mutation of retroviruses is very rare
A
F
11
Q
Immunosuppression is a typical effect of several retroviruses
A
T
12
Q
Retroviruses can integrate into the genome of host cells
A
T
13
Q
Reverse transcriptase is an important enzyme of retroviruses.
A
T
14
Q
Retroviruses results in lifelong infection.
A
T
15
Q
Retroviruses replicate mainly in the endothelial cells.
A
F
16
Q
Several retroviruses can cause malignant transformation in the hosts
A
T
17
Q
Retroviruses are generally species specific
A
T
18
Q
Retroviruses are generally resistant, they can survive in the environment for several weeks
A
F
19
Q
Retroviruses frequently cause permanent infection
A
T
20
Q
Retroviruses are generally stable viruses, mutations are very rare
A
F
21
Q
Retrovirus has weak resistance
A
T
22
Q
Retrovirus has a wide host spectrum
A
F
23
Q
Retrovirus has a good immunogenicity
A
T
24
Q
Retrovirus infection is long-lasting
A
T
25
Retroviruses show high host specificity
T
26
Retroviruses are generally not carried for more than a month
F
27
Retroviruses generally cannot survive in the environment for a long time
T
28
Retroviruses are enveloped viruses
T
29
Retroviruses transcribe their nucleic acid to DNA
T
30
Frequent genetic changes of retroviruses are common
T
31
Retroviruses carry reverse transcriptase enzyme
T
32
Retroviruses generally cause long, frequently life-long infection
T
33
Retroviruses are generally genetically very stable.
F
34
The resistance of retroviruses is generally good, they survive in the environment well.
F
35
Reverse transcriptase is produced by retroviruses
T
36
The nucleic acid of retroviruses can be integrated into the genome of the host cell.
T
37
Retroviruses frequently cause immune suppression
T
38
Retroviruses are enveloped viruses
T
39
The host range of retroviruses is generally narrow
T
40
Reverse transcriptase converts RNA of retroviruses into DNA
T
41
Retroviruses are generally very stable viruses, mutations are exceptional in them.
F
42
Retroviruses are generally shed in infected lymphoid cells
T
43
Certain retroviruses can cause proliferation of the lymphoid cells
T
44
Retroviruses spread with infected lymphocytes
T
45
Retroviruses have a tegument or rind
F
46
You cannot multiply retrovirus artificially
F
47
Retroviruses can incorporate into the genome
T
48
Retroviruses cannot spread from animal to animal.
F
49
Retroviruses are widely distributed in Hungary
T
50
Retroviruses replicate mainly in endothelium cell
F
51
Retrovirus can replicate without helper retroviruses.
T
52
Retroviruses can integrate the cellular genome
T
53
The resistance of retroviruses is low, they cannot survive in the environment for a long time.
T
54
Retroviruses are generally good antigens.
T
55
Retroviruses have own metabolic enzymes
F
would have thought else thats why then integrate into the genome and use host cell
56
Antibodies against enzootic bovine leukosis virus can be detected 1-4 months after infection.
T
57
Antibodies against enzootic bovine leukosis virus can be detected only for 1-2 months after
infection
F
58
Maternal Antibodies against enzootic bovine leukosis virus can be detected only for 1-2
months
F
59
Lymphosarcoma can be seen postmortem in the case of enzootic bovine leukosis
T
60
Generation shift is the only way of eradication of enzootic bovine leukosis
F
61
Enzootic bovine leukosis virus does not spread from animal to animal.
F
62
Mild clinical signs can be seen in the incubation phase of enzootic bovine leukosis
F
63
Enzootic bovine leukosis virus is not shed in the colostrum
F
64
Enzootic bovine leukosis virus can be transmitted with blood
T
65
Enzootic bovine leukosis virus can spread from cattle to sheep, goats , and other ruminants
F
66
Enzootic bovine leukosis virus has uniform antigenic structure
T BC ONE SEROTYPE????
67
In the case of Enzootic bovine leukosis the clinical signs appear at the age of 6-8 month
F
68
Enzootic bovine leukosis is carried lifelong
T
69
Enzootic bovine leukosis virus can be transmitted in tracheal discharge
T
70
Enzootic bovine leukosis occurs only in Holstein Friesian cattles
F
71
Enzootic bovine leukosis virus can infect foetuses of pregnant animals
T
72
Enzootic bovine leukosis virus has several serotypes and subtypes.
F
73
Enzootic bovine leukosis can spread by air within the herd
T
74
Enzootic bovine leukosis can spread by the veterinarian
T
75
Enzootic bovine leukosis virus cannot result tumour formation
F
76
Serological examinations cannot be used to the diagnosis of enzootic bovine leukosis
F
77
Immune tolerance can happen in the case of enzootic bovine leukosis
T
78
Selection cannot be used for eradication of enzootic bovine
F
79
Bovine enzootic leukosis infect only bovine
F
80
Bovine enzootic leukosis does not spread with excretion
F
81
Bovine enzootic leukosis spreads slow in the herd.
T
82
Bovine enzootic leukosis can be transmitted by blood
T
83
Bovine leukosis virus can give lifelong carriers.
T
84
Bovine leukosis virus causes seropositivity in latency period.
T
85
Enzootic bovine leukosis the pre-tumour phase usually in 6-10 months old animals
F
86
Enzootic bovine leukosis during pre-tumour phase causes lymphocytosis
T
87
Bovine enzootic leukosis virus can be transmitted with lymphoid cells
T
88
Iatrogenic infection is frequent in the epidemiology of bovine enzootic leukosis
T
89
The target cells of the bovine enzootic leukosis virus are the T-lymphocytes
F
90
The typical signs of bovine enzootic leukosis can be seen in cattle under 1 year of age
F
91
Antibodies against enzootic bovine leukosis virus can be detected in the ELISA test
T
92
Antibodies against enzootic bovine leukosis virus can be detected in the milk
T
93
Selection (test and slaughter) method cannot be used to eradicate enzootic bovine leukosis
virus
F
94
Generation shift method cannot be used to eradicate enzootic bovine leukosis virus
F
95
Enzootic bovine leukosis virus is spreading horizontally in a cattle herd
T
96
Enzootic bovine leukosis virus cannot infect foetuses
F
97
Enzootic bovine leukosis virus is passed to newborn calves mainly with colostrum in
endemically infected herds.
F
98
By the end of the incubation phase the animals become seropositive leukosis virus
T
99
Tumours can be seen in about 90% of the animals infected with enzootic bovine leukosis
virus
F
100
Antibodies in the milk against enzootic bovine leukosis virus can be detected with ELISA
T
101
Tumours caused by enzootic leukosis virus generally appear at the age of 6 months
F
102
The infection with enzootic leukosis virus is detected by AGP and ELISA
T
103
Enzootic bovine leukosis virus is zoonotic
F
104
Enzootic bovine leukosis virus is shed in lymphoid cells
T
105
Enzootic bovine leukosis virus cannot cause intrauterine infection
F
106
Enzootic bovine leukosis virus is spreading slowly in the herd.
T
107
The target cells of enzootic bovine leukosis virus are the B lymphocytes
T
108
Enzootic bovine leukosis virus is not shed by the infected animals
F
109
Enzootic bovine leukosis virus can be transmitted with organic infection.
T
110
Enzootic bovine leukosis virus can be transmitted with per os infection.
T
111
Clinical signs of enzootic bovine leukosis are seen mainly in 6-8-month-old calves
F
112
Enzootic bovine leukosis virus has several serotypes and subtypes
F
113
Enzootic bovine leukosis can spread by air within the herd
T
114
Enzootic bovine leukosis virus can not result in tumour formation.
F
115
Immune tolerance can happen in the case of enzootic bovine leucosis
T
116
During incubation phase of bovine enzootic leucosis the animal become seropositive.
T
117
The tumours in the case of bovine enzootic leucosis can be seen from the age of 6 months.
F
118
PCR is used for the detection of bovine enzootic leucosis in immunotolerant calves
T
119
Bovine enzootic leucosis can be eradicated with selection
T
120
Bovine enzootic leucosis virus has several serotypes
F
121
There is no horizontal spread in the case of bovine enzootic leucosis.
F
122
There is genetic predisposition in the case of bovine enzootic leucosis
T
123
Enzootic bovine leucosis occurs in all ruminant species.
F
124
Enzootic bovine leukosis virus can infect cattle, pigs and horses.
F
125
Iatrogenic infection can be important in the transmission of enzootic bovine leukosis virus.
T
126
Aerogenic infection occurs in the case of enzootic bovine leukosis virus
T
127
Enzootic bovine leucosis is spreading very fast in infected herd
F
128
Enzootic bovine leucosis virus can infect the foetus
T
129
Enzootic bovine leucosis only infects cattle
F
130
Enzootic bovine leukosis occurs only in Holstein-Frisian cattle, other cattle races are resistant
F
131
Enzootic bovine leukosis has low resistance; it cannot retain its infectivity for a long time in
environment
T
132
The most severe clinical signs of ovine pulmonary adenomatosis can be seen in lambs
younger than 6 months.
F
133
Antibodies of animals infected with ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus can be detected
with ELISA.
F
134
Adenocarcinoma can be seen postmortem in the case of ovine pulmonary adenomatosis
T
135
Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus is transmitted with tracheal discharge
T
136
Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus can be transmitted with contaminated objects to other farms
F
137
Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus can infect sheep, goats, and cattle
F
138
The most severe clinical signs of ovine pulmonary adenomatosis can be seen in lambs
younger than 6 months
F
139
Shedding large amount of nasal discharge is a typical clinical sign of ovine pulmonary
adenomatosis
T
140
Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus replicates in lymphoid cells and causes viraemia
F
141
Metastasis are rare in the case of Ovine Pulmonary Adenomatosis
T
142
Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis occurs only in South Africa
F
143
Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus has no onc-gen
T
144
Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis is prevented with inactivated vaccines
F
145
Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis spreads with nasal discharge
T
146
The primary replication site of OPA is in the mucosal cells of the intestines.
F!!!!!!
147
Metastasis are frequently seen in parenchymal in the case of OPA
F
148
Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus is found in 2-4 months old lambs.
F
149
Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus is replicating in the epithelium of the airways.
T
150
Tumours can frequently be seen in the liver and the spleen in the case of ovine pulmonary
adenomatosis
F
151
Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis can be complicated by Pasteurella and Mannheimia strains.
T
152
In the case of ovine pulmonary adenomatosis lesions are common in the liver
F
153
Ovine pulmonary andenomatosis can be diagnosed by detecting antibodies with ELISA
F
154
Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus causes interstitial pneumonia
F
155
Lung adenomatosis causes usually dry cough
F
156
Lung adenomatosis causes a lot of metastasis.
F
157
Metastasis are rare in the case of ovine pulmonary adenomatosis
T
158
Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis has no antibody production
T
159
Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus results in malignant transformation of macrophages
F
160
Europe is free from ovine pulmonary adenomatosis
F
161
No antibodies to ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus can be detected in infected animals
T
162
Faces of infected animals contain large amount of ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus
F
163
Tumour transformation of the epithelial cells happens in the case of ovine pulmonary
adenomatosis
T
164
Jaagsiekte affects lambs of 3-6 months
F
165
Jaagsiekte virus can transform human cells.
F
FeLV!!!
166
Jaagsiekte is only present in Africa
F
167
Jaagsiekte causes metastatic abscess formation all over the body
F
168
Feline leukosis virus will be shed lifelong by infected cats
F
169
There are no vaccines for the prevention of feline leukosis
F
170
FOCMA antigen is a typical surface antigen of feline leukosis viruses.
T
171
Feline leukosis virus can only be transmitted with saliva
F
172
Cats remain infected with feline leukosis virus lifelong
F
173
Feline leukosis is maintained by persistently infected cats
T
174
Feline leukosis virus can be transmitted by direct contact.
T
175
Feline leukosis virus can cause horizontal and vertical infection
T
176
Vaccination of only seronegative cats is responsible against feline leukosis
T
177
Immunotolerant kittens can be born in the case of feline leukosis
T
178
Feline Leukosis can be eliminated in some cats
T
179
There are several subgroups of feline leukosis virus
T
180
Feline leukosis virus can cause immune tolerance
T
181
Feline sarcomatosis virus is a recombinant virus from feline leukosis virus and host DNA
T
182
Feline leukosis virus is uniform
F
183
In the saliva of cats is a high-titer of FeLV
T
184
FeLV spreads horizontally and vertically
T
185
Persistent infected cats maintain the infection
T
186
Feline leukosis virus can cause protective immunity.
T
187
In Feline leukosis, anaemia is an important sign
T
188
Cat leukosis virus can be diagnosed with PCR
T
189
There is no vaccine against Feline leukosis virus
F
190
Feline leukosis can infect dogs and cats
F
191
Asymptomatic infection cannot happen in the case of Feline leukosis
F
192
Feline leukosis virus is immunosuppressive
T
193
Feline leukosis virus is frequently spread with saliva
T
194
Feline leukosis virus can infect dogs, cats and wild living carnivorous animals
F
195
Feline leukosis is a very rare disease
F
196
Feline sarcomatosis is a defect virus
T
197
Feline leukosis can cross the placenta
T
198
FeLV is a uniform virus
F
199
Infection with feline leukosis virus always appears in clinical signs
F
200
Feline leukosis virus is spreading by discharge of the infected animal
T
201
Persistently infected cats can shed the feline leukosis virus in high titres
T
202
Saliva of the animal contains large amount of the feline leukosis virus
T
203
Feline leucosis spreads by direct contact
T
204
Feline immunodeficiency virus causes persistent infection
T
205
Feline immunodeficiency virus is widespread
T
206
Feline immunodeficiency virus in cat could be asymptomatic
T
207
Feline immunodeficiency virus is spread by excretes
T
208
Feline immunodeficiency virus develops in 3 phases
F
has 3 phases possible depending on immunity. EBL developed in 3 phases
209
Inactivated vaccines are used for the prevention of avian leukosis
F
210
Attenuated vaccines are used for the prevention of avian leukosis
F
211
Avian leukosis viruses have several subgroups
T
212
Tumours in the liver can be seen in the case of avian leukosis
T
213
Avian leukosis viruses cause horizontal infection.
T
214
J subtype of avian leukosis virus is more virulent than the other ones
T
215
Avian leukosis can be diagnosed by detecting COFAL antigen
T
216
Lymphoid leukosis is the most frequent clinical form of avian leukosis
T
217
Avian leukosis viruses cause germinative infection
T
218
All avian leukosis viruses are oncogenic
T
219
Avian leukosis viruses have several subgroups
T
220
Avian leukosis viruses a resistant, they can survive in the bedding for several weeks
F
221
Avian leukosis causes the malignant transformation of B lymphocytes
T
222
Avian leukosis virus occurs only in tropical and subtropical countries
F
223
Avian leuKosis virus can cause only lymphoid leukosis
F
224
Avian leukosis viruses can cause malignant transformation in different tissues.
T
225
Germinative infection is an important way of transmission of avian leukosis virus
T
226
Clinical signs of avian leukosis can be seen typically in broiler chicken
T
227
Osteopetrosis can be a clinical form of avian leukosis.
T
228
Avian Leukosis virus is uniform
F
229
Every avian leukosis viruses is oncogenic
T
230
Avian leukosis virus cannot infect by germinative way
F
231
Avian leukosis virus infects B lymphocytes
T
232
Infection of poultry herds with avian leukosis virus is widespread
T
233
Clinical signs of avian leukosis generally appear in day old chicken
F
234
Lymphoid leukosis is the most frequent form of avian leukosis.
T
235
The main way of prevention of avian leukosis is vaccination using attenuated strains
F
236
Avian leukosis viruses are shed in the faeces.
T
237
There is no germinative infection in the case of avian leukosis viruses.
F
238
The target cells of the avian leukosis viruses are the B lymphocytes
T
239
There are several subgroups of avian leukosis viruses.
T
240
All avian leukosis viruses cause malignant transformation of the host cells
T
241
In a flock infected with avian leukosis virus generally 50-60% of the animals have tumours
F
242
Detection of COFAL antigen is a frequent way of diagnosis of avian leukosis
T
243
Avian leukosis is seen during the first week of life in chicken
F
244
There are resistant lines to avian leukosis
T
245
Proportion of the animals with tumours is low, 1-4% in the case of avian leukosis
T
246
Inactivated vaccines are widely used in order to prevent avian leukosis
F
247
Tumours can be seen in different parenchymal organs in the case of avian leukosis.
T
248
T-lymphocytes are the target cell of the avian leukosis virus.
F
249
Avian leucosis and sarcoma infections are very common
T
250
Avian leucosis can be caused by different retroviruses
T???? check maybe just different subgroups
251
Congenital transmission of avian leucosis results in immune tolerance
T
252
Reticuloendotheliosis is caused by J type of avian leukosis virus.
F
253
Germinative infection can happen in the case of Reticuloendotheliosis
T
254
Reticuloendotheliosis virus is shed in the faces
T
255
Reticuloendotheliosis virus can cause germinative infection
T
256
Stunted growth is a clinical sign of reticuloendotheliosis
T
257
Reticuloendotheliosis is prevented by vaccination of the parent animals.
F
258
Immunosuppression is common in the case of Reticuloendotheliosis
T
259
Retardation is a clinical sign of Reticuloendotheliosis
T
260
Wide vaccination is used to prevent Reticuloendotheliosis
F
261
In the case of reticuloendotheliosis immunotolerant chicken can be hatched.
T
262
Pneumonia is a typical lesion of reticuloendotheliosis
F
263
In the case of reticuloendotheliosis tumors can be found in the parenchymal organs
T
264
Avian reticuloendotheliosis may be similar in appearance to Marek ́s disease.
T
265
Clinical signs of maedi visna are more severe in young animals than in adults
F
266
Heavy nasal discharge is a clinical sign of maedi
F
267
The maedi virus and the visna virus are related but they can be differentiated with PCR
F
268
Interstitial pneumonia is the main postmortem lesion of visna
F
269
Interstitial pneumonia is the main postmortem lesion of Maedi
T
270
Maedi and visna are caused by the same virus.
T
271
Maedi-visna virus is shed in tracheal discharge and milk
T
272
Maedi-visna is maintained by persistently infected sheep
T
273
Weakness of the hinder legs is a clinical sign of visna
T
274
Inactivated and attenuated vaccines are widely used for the prevention of maedi-visna
F
275
Clinical signs of maedi can be seen in sheep above 3-4 years of age
T
276
Maedi-visna can occur in sheep, goats, and cattle
F
277
Europe is already free from maedi-visna
F
278
Maedi/visna is spreading slowly in the flock.
T
279
Maedi/visna virus is shed in the milk.
T
280
Maedi is seen in 3-4 years old sheep
T
281
Large amount of mucoid nasal discharge is typical in the case of maedi.
F
282
Maedi/visna spreads from sheep to other animals
T
283
Maedi/visna virus is shed in nasal discharge, respiratory secretions and milk.
T
284
Clinical sign of maedi/visna appear from the age of 6-8 months
F
285
Meadi/visna most important clinical sign is profuse diarrhoea
F
286
Maedi/visna virus is shed only in tracheal discharge
F
287
Clinical signs of maedi are mainly seen in lambs below half a year of age
F
288
Maedi/visna virus causes interstitial pneumonia in sheep
T
289
Clinical signs of the central nervous system can be seen in the case of visna
T
290
Maedi/visna virus causes viraemia
T
291
Wet cough and intensive nasal discharge are typical signs of maedi.
F
292
De-myelinization is the reason for the clinical signs of visna
T
293
Attenuated vaccines are widely used to prevent maedi/visn
F
294
Maedi appears in Hungary
T
295
Maedi is spreading fast
F
296
In order to eradicate maedi/visna infected ewes have to be culled with their lambs
T
297
Clinical sign of maedi/visna appear from the age of 6 months
F
298
Maedi/visna is spreading fast in the flock
F
299
Maedi/visna virus is shed only in the tracheal discharge
F
300
Clinical signs of maedi are generally seen above 3-4 years of age
T
301
Caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus can cause persistent infection
T
302
Sheep are resistant against caprine arthritis encephalitis virus
F
303
Arthritis caused by caprine arthritis encephalitis virus is mainly seen in lambs
F
304
Encephalitis caused by caprine arthritis encephalitis virus is generally seen in 2-4 month old
kids
T
305
Caprine arthritis encephalitis virus can be transmitted by milk
T
306
There is intensive vaccination against Caprine arthritis encephalitis in endemic countries
F
307
Caprine arthritis encephalitis virus is more frequent in dairy goats than in rural breeds
T
308
Caprine arthritis encephalitis virus is shed in the milk
T
309
In the case of caprine arthritis encephalitis the signs of encephalitis can be seen in 2-4
months old kids
T
310
In the case of caprine arthritis encephalitis, arthritis is less frequent than encephalitis.
F
311
Kids are recommended to be isolated in a herd where caprine arthritis encephalitis is
present
T
312
Kids can be infected with caprine arthritis encephalitis virus through the milk
T
313
Arthritis caused by caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus is typically seen in kids below half a
year of age
F
314
Caprine arthritis encephalitis is characterized by CNS signs in young goats
T
315
Caprine arthritis encephalitis virus replicates in the intestinal tract
T!!!!!!!
316
Equine infectious anaemia virus is transmitted with blood of the infected animals
T
317
Blood sucking arthropods can transmit Equine infectious anaemia virus
T
318
Mosquitoes are the main vectors of equine infectious anaemia virus; the virus can replicate
in them
F
319
Agar gel diffusion test is used to detect antibodies against equine infectious anaemia
T
320
Equine infectious anaemia is an acute disease; it does not have a chronic form
F
321
Iatrogenic transmission of Equine infectious anaemia can happen
T
322
Equine infectious anaemia virus can damage the bone marrow
T
323
There are no vaccines for the prevention of equine infectious anaemia
T
324
Equine infectious anaemia virus is more resistant than other retroviruses.
T
325
Equine infectious anaemia virus disappears from animals after the viraemia
F
326
Fever is a major clinical sign of equine infectious anaemia
T
327
Equine infectious anaemia virus is resistant, it can survive several months in the environment
T
328
Only Equidae are susceptible to equine infectious anaemia virus
T
329
Ticks are vectors of equine infectious anaemia virus
F
330
Febrile waves can be seen in equine infectious anaemias
T
331
Equine infectious anaemia is a vector borne disease
T
332
Equine infectious anaemia virus causes persistent infection.
T
333
There is no immune reaction in the case of equine infectious anaemia
F
334
Equine infectious anaemia is zoonotic
F
335
Equine infectious anaemia is caused by a lentivirus
T
336
Blood sucking arthropods are mechanical vectors of equine infectious anaemia virus
T
337
There is no immune reaction in horses against equine infectious anaemia virus
F
338
Agar gel precipitation test can be used to the detection of antibodies against equine
infectious anaemia virus
T
339
Equine infectious anaemia can damage the medulla of the bone.
T
340
Equine infectious anaemia has a weak resistance
F
341
You cannot diagnose Equine infectious anaemia with serology
F
342
The resistance of equine infectious anaemia is very low
F
343
Horses and cattle are susceptible to equine infectious anaemia virus
F
344
In the case of equine infectious anaemia, haemorrhages cannot be seen
F
345
Animals infected with equine infectious anaemia virus are lifelong carriers
T
346
Equine infectious anaemia virus is mainly transmitted with tracheal discharge
F
347
Attenuated vaccines are used for the prevention of equine infectious anaemia
F
348
Equine infectious anaemia can be asymptomatic
T
349
Equine infectious anaemia may cause recurrent fever in horses.
T
350
Horseflies are mechanical vectors equine anaemia virus.
T
351
Equine anaemia is a notifiable disease
T
