Retro Flashcards

1
Q

Retrovirus structure

A

large, enveloped

ss (+)RNA

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2
Q

Retrovirus is the only virus to contain _______

A

diploid RNA genome

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3
Q

Retrovirus enzymes

A

RT

integrase

protease

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4
Q

3 Retrovirus genera that infect humans

A

Lentivirus

Oncovirus (HTLV)

Spumavirus

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5
Q

Lentivirus properties (3)

A

Bodily fluid transmission

non-transforming

have CD4+ T cell tropism

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6
Q

HIV believed to be native to

A

Monkeys of W Africa

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7
Q

HIV genome structure and contents

A

2 identical +RNA strands consisting of 3 major genes

  1. Gag
  2. Pol
  3. Env
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8
Q

HIV gag protein function

A

capsid and matrix

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9
Q

HIV Pol function

A

polymerase

core contains RT, integrase, and protease

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10
Q

HIV Env function

A

Envelope (glycoproteins)

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11
Q

HIV glycoproteins, both encoded by ENV gene, are ___ and ___.

A

gp120 (attachment)

gp41 (fusion)

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12
Q

HIV genome is +RNA, BUT….

A

it is NOT infectious

(because it does not encode a polymerase that directly generates more mRNA)

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13
Q

HIV attachment and binding (4) steps…

A
  1. gp120 -> CD4
  2. CCR5 (CXCR4) recruitment
  3. gp41 inserts into membrane
  4. fusion
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14
Q

Steps following HIV attachement (5)

A

Initial copies of viral DNA made, (2) dsDNA inserted into the host cell chromosome and the host cell RNA POL is used to make viral RNA. (3) New RNA strands serve as templates and as mRNA. (4) mRNA translated to viral proteins to make envelope. (5) New viral particles bud off

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15
Q

HIV: primary stage features

A

short flu-like illness

(OR asymptomatic)

Infecter person CAN infect others

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16
Q

Stage 2 HIV - Asymptomatic phase

A

Average 10 years

No Sx (maybe swollen glands)

HIV drops to very low levels

**HIV Antibodies are detectable in blood**

17
Q

Stage 3 HIV - Symptomatic Phase

A

Mild symptoms and opportunistic infections

18
Q

Stage 4 HIV

A

Progression to AIDS

19
Q

Bacterial, Viral, and Fungal oppurtinistic infections

A

B = TB, Strep pneumo

V= Kaposi Sarcoma, Herpes, Influenza

F= Candida. P. carinii, cryptococcus

20
Q

AIDS defining disease mentioned my Dr. Mohammed

A

Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia

21
Q

Early –> late opportunistic infection (Catergories)

A

bacterial,

VZV,

Candida, PCP,

CMV, MAC,

Fungi (TOXO!)

22
Q

3 AIDS definitions

A
  1. CD4 under 200
  2. CD4 below 14%
  3. HIV+ AND co-infection with opportunistic agent (PCP, toxo, MAC, KS, etc…) REGARDLESS of T cell count
23
Q

Most CD4 cells are killed during the _____ period of HIV

A

incubation

24
Q

What is a blood analysis going to look like in an full blown AIDS patient?

A

High HIV RNA + Antigen

Low CD4 and NK (eventually)

25
Q

HIV drug classes (3)

A
  1. Nucleoside RT inhibitors
  2. Non-Nucleoside RT inhibitors
  3. Protease inhibitors
26
Q

Non-Nucleoside RT inhibitors are only for _______

A

HIV-1