Retro

Question 1

Retrovirus structure

Answer 1

large, enveloped

ss (+)RNA

Question 2

Retrovirus is the only virus to contain _______

Answer 2

diploid RNA genome

Question 3

Retrovirus enzymes

Answer 3

RT

integrase

protease

Question 4

3 Retrovirus genera that infect humans

Answer 4

Lentivirus

Oncovirus (HTLV)

Spumavirus

Question 5

Lentivirus properties (3)

Answer 5

Bodily fluid transmission

non-transforming

have CD4+ T cell tropism

Question 6

HIV believed to be native to

Answer 6

Monkeys of W Africa

Question 7

HIV genome structure and contents

Answer 7

2 identical +RNA strands consisting of 3 major genes

1. Gag
2. Pol
3. Env

Question 8

HIV gag protein function

Answer 8

capsid and matrix

Question 9

HIV Pol function

Answer 9

polymerase

core contains RT, integrase, and protease

Question 10

HIV Env function

Answer 10

Envelope (glycoproteins)

Question 11

HIV glycoproteins, both encoded by ENV gene, are ___ and ___.

Answer 11

gp120 (attachment)

gp41 (fusion)

Question 12

HIV genome is +RNA, BUT….

Answer 12

it is NOT infectious

(because it does not encode a polymerase that directly generates more mRNA)

Question 13

HIV attachment and binding (4) steps…

Answer 13

1. gp120 -> CD4
2. CCR5 (CXCR4) recruitment
3. gp41 inserts into membrane
4. fusion

Question 14

Steps following HIV attachement (5)

Answer 14

Initial copies of viral DNA made, (2) dsDNA inserted into the host cell chromosome and the host cell RNA POL is used to make viral RNA. (3) New RNA strands serve as templates and as mRNA. (4) mRNA translated to viral proteins to make envelope. (5) New viral particles bud off

Question 15

HIV: primary stage features

Answer 15

short flu-like illness

(OR asymptomatic)

Infecter person CAN infect others

Question 16

Stage 2 HIV - Asymptomatic phase

Answer 16

Average 10 years

No Sx (maybe swollen glands)

HIV drops to very low levels

**HIV Antibodies are detectable in blood**

Question 17

Stage 3 HIV - Symptomatic Phase

Answer 17

Mild symptoms and opportunistic infections

Question 18

Stage 4 HIV

Answer 18

Progression to AIDS

Question 19

Bacterial, Viral, and Fungal oppurtinistic infections

Answer 19

B = TB, Strep pneumo

V= Kaposi Sarcoma, Herpes, Influenza

F= Candida. P. carinii, cryptococcus

Question 20

AIDS defining disease mentioned my Dr. Mohammed

Answer 20

Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia

Question 21

Early –> late opportunistic infection (Catergories)

Answer 21

bacterial,

VZV,

Candida, PCP,

CMV, MAC,

Fungi (TOXO!)

Question 22

3 AIDS definitions

Answer 22

1. CD4 under 200
2. CD4 below 14%
3. HIV+ AND co-infection with opportunistic agent (PCP, toxo, MAC, KS, etc…) REGARDLESS of T cell count

Question 23

Most CD4 cells are killed during the _____ period of HIV

Answer 23

incubation

Question 24

What is a blood analysis going to look like in an full blown AIDS patient?

Answer 24

High HIV RNA + Antigen

Low CD4 and NK (eventually)

Question 25

HIV drug classes (3)

Answer 25

1. Nucleoside RT inhibitors
2. Non-Nucleoside RT inhibitors
3. Protease inhibitors

Question 26

Non-Nucleoside RT inhibitors are only for _______

Answer 26

HIV-1