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Virology > Paramyx 2 and Toga > Flashcards

Paramyx 2 and Toga Flashcards

1
Q

Morbillivirus is in what family of virus?

A

Paramyxo

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2
Q

Morbillivirus causes what named disease?

A

Measles (Rubeola)

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3
Q

Morbillivirus hosts

A

Only humans

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4
Q

Morbillivirus genome and shape:

A

ss -RNA , helical

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5
Q

Envelope proteins of Morbillivirus

A

HA + Fusion (F)

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6
Q

How many subtypes of Morbillivirus are there? What does this mean regarding vaccinations/immunity?

A

One antigenic type…. This makes vax easy, and immunity permanent.

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7
Q

Morbillivirus lacks what envelope protein?

A

Neuraminidase

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8
Q

Morbillivirus : Viremia Y/N?

A

Yes, acute manifestations in lymph and resp.

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9
Q

Morbillivirus clinical characterization (two stages)

A

URT symptoms during Prodromal stage…… Maculopapular rash during eruptive stage.

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10
Q

Morbillivirus three C’s during what stage?

A

Prodromal stage: Coryza, Cough, Conjunctivitis

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11
Q

Major Sign for Morbillivirus

A

Koplik spots (second molar oral mucosa)

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12
Q

Morbillivirus Rash pattern

A

Head 1st, Limbs 2nd…………Erythematous-> Confluent……..rash fades in the same sequence it appears

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13
Q

Koplik spots appear after _____ days

A

2-3

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14
Q

Morbillivirus fever y/n?

A

yes. 104

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15
Q

Atypical Morbillivirus forms in whom?

A

Patients with incomplete immunity d/t vaccination with the original killed-virus vaccine

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16
Q

Modified Morbillivirus severity?

A

Less severe. Exposed people given serum IG

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17
Q

Morbillivirus common complications:

A

Otitis Media, PMA, Croup (laryngotracheobronchitis), Exacerbation of TB…..(KERATITIS that can lead to blindness)

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18
Q

_____ was one of the main reasons for introducing Morbillivirus vaccination?

A

Encephalitis

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19
Q

2 Major rare complications of Morbillivirus

A

Encephalitis and SSPE (subacute sclerosing panencephalitis)

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20
Q

SSPE caused by _____ Morbillivirus

A

immune resistant

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21
Q

SSPE tends to occur…

A

YEARS after measles… incubation of 10.8 years

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22
Q

Other rare complications of Morbillivirus

A

a bunch of -itis’s………..myocard/pericard, hep, append, ileocol.

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23
Q

Pregnancy complications of Morbillivirus

A

Pneumonitis, SSPE, hepatitis, but LOW PERINATAL transmission rates

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24
Q

Morbillivirus infectious time period?

A

4 days before and after RASH onset

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25
Q

_____ is key to Morbillivirus pathogenesis

A

Viremia

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26
Q

Viremia (s) locations

A

1- reticuloendothelial system……..2- epithelial surface (conj, UT, CNS)

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27
Q

Morbillivirus first replicates in…

A

the RESP Tract and LYMPH nodes

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28
Q

Second Morbillivirus viremia does what?

A

disseminates virus to other systems after 5-7 days

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29
Q

Morbillivirus causes generalized _____

A

immunosuppression

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30
Q

Morbillivirus causes _____________________ with immunodeficient patients

A

fatal GIANT cell PNA

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31
Q

___ and ___ are most common complications of Morbillivirus

A

Ear infections and PNA

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32
Q

1 in 4 people in developing world die from _________ related to Morbillivirus.

A

malnutrition and Vit A deficiency. Leading cause of BLINDNESS in African children.

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33
Q

Morbillivirus Transmission

A

Airborne (respiratory)

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34
Q

Antibodies to Morbillivirus first appear when?

A

2 days after rash develops

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35
Q

Morbillivirus clinical diagnosis chiefly made from

A

Triad, Koplik spots, adn Cephalocaudal rash

36
Q

Lab tests for Morbillivirus

A

CBC (leukopenia), LFT (TA levels high), IgG and IgM testing, RTPCR

37
Q

Morbillivirus vaccine type

A

live attenuated MMR

38
Q

Rubulavirus a.k.a

A

Mumps

39
Q

Mumps genome

A

ss -RNA

40
Q

Mumps host

A

humans only

41
Q

Mumps serotypes

A

only one serotype – lifelong immunity

42
Q

Mumps incubation time

A

12-26 days

43
Q

Mumps Major Sx

A

Swelling, FEVER, Jaw/neck pain, Fatigue

44
Q

up to ___% of Mumps are asymptomatic

A

20%

45
Q

Major mumps complications

A

Orchitis/Oophoritis

46
Q

Orchitis is uncommon in…

A

boys under 10 years old

47
Q

Oophoritis occurs in ___% of postpubertal females

A

7%

48
Q

Orchitis occurs in up to ___% of postpubertal males

A

50%

49
Q

Other Mumps complications (not orchitis/oophoritis)

A

Pancreatitis, Aseptic Meningitis, Encephalitis (w permanent CNS problems)

50
Q

Most specific indicator of pancreas involvement in Mumps is _______

A

Lipase levels

51
Q

Mumps locally replicates in ______

A

Nasopharynx and regional lymph nodes

52
Q

Mumps viremia established after how long?

A

12-25 days

53
Q

Mumps virus disseminates from upper airway during ______

A

Viremia

54
Q

Mumps viremia leads to ______ infection

A

systemic

55
Q

Mumps transmission

A

Person to person, respiratory droplets, fomites

56
Q

Mumps season

A

Late winter-spring

57
Q

Mumps infectious period

A

3 days before, 9 days after onset

58
Q

Mumps treatment

A

none

59
Q

Mumps vaccine schedule

A

First dose as MMR @ 12 months or olde…….. Second dose for school-aged kids or high exposure individuals

60
Q

Togaviridae includes what viruses?

A

Rubella + Alphavirus

61
Q

Rubella genome:

A

ss+RNA

62
Q

Rubella shape

A

icosahedral

63
Q

Rubella enveloped y/n?

A

yes

64
Q

Rubella serotypes/variants?

A

only one

65
Q

Rubella replication pattern

A

+RNA acts like mRNA and binds to ribosome. Translated to EARLY and LATE phases.

66
Q

2/3 of Rubella genome translates….

A

one polypeptide that is cleaved into (NSP1-4) protease and RNA dependent RNApol

67
Q

1/3 of Rubella genome translates…

A

Capsid and Envelope (E1-3) proteins

68
Q

Rubella is aka

A

German Measles

69
Q

Rubella is generally a _____ disease

A

mild

70
Q

Serious version of Rubella is…

A

Congenital Rubella Syndrome - causes fetal death or defects

71
Q

A Rubella infection may be transmitted from a ________ person

A

completely asymptomatic

72
Q

Rubella incubation time

A

2-3 weeks

73
Q

___ occurs in 50-80% of Rubella cases

A

Rash

74
Q

Rubella’s most characteristic clinical feature:

A

Swollen lymph glands behind the ears

75
Q

Infected adults can develop ____ from Rubella

A

Arthritis

76
Q

Conginital Rubella Syndrome … ___ chance of passing on to fetus if infected early in pregnancy?

A

90%

77
Q

Three conditions mentioned as being related to Congenital Rubella Syndrome

A

Autism, DM, Thyroid dysfunction

78
Q

Rubella isn’t really as much of a concern for…

A

males (because congenital is the bad one… only women can pass that one)

79
Q

Three most common conditions caused by Congenital Rubella?

A

Hearing Loss, Patent Ductus Arteriosus, Cataract

80
Q

Rubella, unlike other Togaviruses, is a ________

A

Respiratory virus

81
Q

Rubella hosts

A

Humans only

82
Q

Rubella spreads from nasopharynx to ____ & ____, which causes _____

A

Lymph nodes + Macrophage/Monocyte system……. causes viremia

83
Q

Circulating Rubella antibody can block what

A

Primary and Secondary viremias, as well as vertical transmission through the placenta…. therefore IMMUNE DEFICIENT women can pass to fetus.

84
Q

Rubella Dx Tests

A

IgG titre, Presence of Rubella specific IgM + rash = confirm diagnosis

85
Q

Rubella vaccine

A
  1. MMR 2. Tetravalent MMRV
86
Q

_____ Rubella vaccine no longer available in US

A

Monovalent

87
Q

MMR is given in…

A

two doses

Virology (15 decks)

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