Retrieval Failure

Question 1

What’s CUES

Answer 1

Serve as a reminder in environment or mental state.

Question 2

What’s retrieval Failure

Answer 2

The absence of cues causing issues in retrieving memory that’s available but not accessible.

Question 3

What’s Context dependent forgetting

Answer 3

A type of cue dependent forgetting where the environment during recall is different than where information was learnt.

Question 4

What is State Dependent Forgetting

Answer 4

A type of cue dependent forgetting where mood or physiological state during recall is different than where information was learnt.

Question 5

What does this theory suggest

Answer 5

Suggests we encode context (cues) where we learn information and mental state to act as recal.

Question 6

What’s ESP

Answer 6

If a cue helps recall information it has to be present in encoding and recall.
Introduced by Tulving 1983

Question 7

Explain Godden and Baddeley’s 1975 research

Answer 7

Aim- Investigate Context dependent forgetting
Method- 178 divers from a diving club where asked to list 36 unrelated 2-3 syllable words
Conditions-Learn on beach, recall on beach
-Learn on beach, Recall underwater
-Learn underwater, Recall on beach
-Learn underwater, Recall underwater

Question 8

What where the finding and conclusion of Godden and Baddeley’s 1975 Research

Answer 8

Mean for same environment = 12.45
Mean for different environment= 8.55

Shows context acted as a cue to recall as participants results where better in similar over dissimilar environments.

Question 9

What’s the A03 for Baddeley’s Research

Answer 9

Strengths:

• Controlled Experiment
• Ecological Volatility (can see cause and affect)

Weakness:

• Participants who changed environment where disrupted more so could affect recall
• Baddeley stated the affects where week as an extreme change in environment needed to see results
• Artificial task so not applicable
• niche sample so unrepresentative and cannot generalise
• small sample and gender bias.

Question 10

What was Goodwin Et Al research in 1967

Answer 10

Aim-Investigate state dependent recall
Method- 48 male medical students participated on 2 days, 1 training and 1 test.
Conditions- SS where Sober both days
-AA where intoxicated both days
-AS where intoxicated day 1, sober day 2
-SA where sober day 1, Intoxicated day 2
testing- They performed 4 tests, an avoidance, verbal, word association and picture recognition task.

Question 11

What was Goodwin Et Al Findings

Answer 11

AS and SA had more frequent errors in testing day than SS and AA. AA performed best.

This supports state dependent forgetting as performance was better with same state than different state.

Question 12

What’s the A03 of Goodwin Et Al

Answer 12

Positives;

• High volatility s supportive evidence
• Internal and ecological validity
• applicable situation (witness recall)

Negatives;

• Small sample
• Unrepresentative as niche sample
• Cant test ESP so no way of knowing if a cue was encoded.
• Cannot disapprove lack of memory as could be lack of cue
• gender bias