Misleading Information Flashcards
What is an eye witness
Someone who has witnessed a crime
What is an eye witness testimony
Evidence provided by eye witness regarding a crime
What is lotters and palmer 1974 study on leading questions
-45 students shown 7 traffic accident films
-Given a questionnaire with a critical question but different verb
Suggests leading questions cause a desired answer which can cause misleading information.
What is lotters and palmer 1974 study results
Verb
1)How fast where the cars going when they HIT
2)How fast where the cars going when they BUMPED
3)How fast where the cars going when they COLLIDED
How fast where the cars going when they CONTACTED
5)How fast where the cars going when they SMASHED
mean estimated speed
1)34 2) 38.1 3) 39.3 4)31.8 5)40.8
What is lotters and palmer 1974 study advantage and disadvantage
Advantage:
- cause and affect
- controlled
disadvantage:
- no emotional attachment so inapplicable
- unrepresentative
- small sample
- student sample so unrepresentative
Who did the broken glass study
Lottus and Palmer
What where the participants in the broken glass study
150 Students
What was the broken glass study’s method
Where shown a short film of multi-vehicle collision and asked questions, returned a week later and asked if they saw any broken glass (there was none)
What was the broken glass study’s conditions
1) “how fast where the cars going when they hit eachover”
2) “how fast where the cars going when they smashed into eachover”
3) nothing about the speed
What was the broken glass study’s findings
Smashed= 32%
Hit= 14%
Control=12%
What was the broken glass study’s conclution
Show verb (leading questions) affects memory’s due to substitution bias.
What was the advantage and disadvantage of the broken glass study.
Advantage:
independent measures so comparable
Disadvantage:
assumes schemas
Not consistent accuracy
What’s the conformity affect
Co-witnesses reach a consensus view on what happened
What study examines post event discussion
Gabbert et al 2009
