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Chiro Essentials Anatomy > Reticulo-Endothelial and Skin Anatomy > Flashcards

Reticulo-Endothelial and Skin Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

T/F the lymph node contains a cortex and medulla in a thick fibrous capsule

A

F the lymph node contains a cortex and medulla in a THIN fibrous capsule

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2
Q

What is the sinus under the thin fibrous capsule of a lymph node?

A

Subcapsular sinus

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3
Q

The outer layer of the cortex of the lymph node consists of which cells organized into the follicles?

A

Mature B cells

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4
Q

The follicles in the outer cortex of a lymph node have germinal centers containing what type of cell?

A

Activated B (plasma) cells

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5
Q

The inner cortex of the lymph node contains what type of cell?

A

Mature T cells

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6
Q

The medulla of the lymph node contains which cells?

A

Lymphocytes, plasma cells, macrophages

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7
Q

Lymph flows from afferent vessels toward the cortex to pass through the _________ sinuses and into cortical _______ eventually through the __________ sinuses then to efferent lymphatic vessels that exit at the hilum

A

Subcapsular
Cortical
Medullary

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8
Q

The lymph sinuses contain ________ and ______ fibers arranged in a crisscross fashion which act like a filter

A

Macrophages

Reticular fibers

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9
Q

Activated lymphocytes leave the lymph node via the?

A

Hilum

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10
Q

Where do nerve fibers enter the lymph node?

A

The hilum

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11
Q

What is the largest aggregation of lymphoid tissue?

A

The Spleen

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12
Q

The spleen develops from what embryological tissue?

A

Mesoderm w/in the dorsal mesentary of the stomach

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13
Q

Which dome of the diaphragm does the spleen lay under?

A

Left dome close to the lower ribs (9-11)

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14
Q

What is destroyed in the red pulp of the spleen?

A

Old RBCs

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15
Q

What ligaments are attached to the spleen and what do they contain?

A

1) Gastrosplenic ligament: short gastric and L gastroepiploic A/V
2) Splenorenal ligament: terminal part of the splenic A

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16
Q

Kupffer cells of the liver filter out?

A

Bacteria

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17
Q

What embryological origin forms the liver?

A

ventral outgrowth of the distal end of the foregut w/the biliary tree

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18
Q

the coronary ligament is a continuation of what ligament?

A

Falciform ligament

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19
Q

What ligament is contained w/in the coronary ligament?

A

Round ligament of the liver

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20
Q

The round ligament of the liver is a remnant of what embryological tissue?

A

L umbilical V

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21
Q

The liver is covered almost completely by what tissue?

A

Visceral peritoneum

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22
Q

What causes the bare area of the liver?

A

coronary ligament and where the IVC passes through

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23
Q

What are the four anatomical lobes of the liver?

A

R/L, quadrate, caudate

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24
Q

What anatomical lobes are contained in the right functional lobe of the liver?

A

Right, R 1/2 of caudate

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25
Q

What anatomical lobes are contained in the left functional lobe of the liver?

A

Left, quadrate, outer 1/2 of caudate

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26
Q

The Rt functional lobe is supplied by what A?

A

R hepatic A br of proper hepatic A

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27
Q

The Lt functional lobe is supplied by what A?

A

Lt hepatic A

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28
Q

What is the functional unit of the liver?

A

sinusoids

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29
Q

What are the sinusoids of the liver lined by?

A

hepatocytes and Kupffer cells

30
Q

Sinusoids of the liver are supplied by what blood vessels?

A

Hepatic A and tributaries of the portal V

31
Q

The proper hepatic A is a branch of ?

A

The common hepatic A from the celiac trunk

32
Q

The portal V provides the liver with how much of its blood supply?

A

70%

33
Q

The portal V is formed by the joining of what vessels behind the head of the pancreas?

A

Splenic and superior mesenteric V

34
Q

The inferior mesenteric V drains into what ?

A

The Splenic V

35
Q

Venous blood from the liver sinusoids drain into _____ veins and from here to 3 ________ veins which open into the ___ and drain into the _____ _____

A

central
hepatic
IVC
Right atrium

36
Q

The R/L hepatic ducts drain bile from the liver and are located where?

A

Porta hepatis (btw caudate and quadrate lobes)

37
Q

What is contained w/in the porta hepatis?

A

R/L hepatic A, R/L tributaries of the portal V, autonomic N, lymphatic vessels

38
Q

R/L hepatic ducts join to form what duct?

A

Common hepatic duct

39
Q

Common hepatic duct joins with the what to form the common bile duct?

A

Cystic duct

40
Q

The common bile ducts joins with the main pancreatic duct of Wirsung w/in the head of pancreas to open via what into the duodenum?

A

Ampulla of Vater

41
Q

What guards the opening of the ampulla of Vater? what is this controlled by?

A

Smooth muscle sphincter (of Oddi)

CCK secreted in response to fat in the abdomen

42
Q

The thymus and inferior parathyroid glands come from what embryological origin?

A

Mesoderm of 3rd pharyngeal pouch

43
Q

Where is the thymus located?

A

Anterior portion of superior mediastinum

44
Q

What arteries supply the thymus?

A

Anterior intercostal and internal thoracic A

45
Q

What cell are produced by the thymus?

A

T cells

46
Q

T/F the thymus has a highly cellular cortex and less cellular central medulla

A

T

47
Q

The cortex of the thymus is comprised of what cells?

A

Maturing and immature T cells

48
Q

The medulla of the thymus contains what cells and unique feature?

A

Lymphocytes

Hassall’s corpuscles (oval bodies of central area of degenerated cells by flattened keratinized epithelial cells)

49
Q

The thoracic duct is 18” long multi-valved tube that beings where?

A

L1/cisterna chyli

50
Q

Where does the thoracic duct pass through the diaphragm?

A

T12 R of the aorta

51
Q

What is the path of the thoracic duct in the mediastinum?

A

Posterior, cross R–>L @T4/5

52
Q

Where does the thoracic duct empty in the left neck?

A

Junction of the left internal jugular and subclavian V

53
Q

What does the thoracic duct drain?

A

Lower 1/2 of body, L 1/2 of head/neck/chest

54
Q

What does the R lymphatic trunk drain?

A

Right side of head/neck/chest, right upper limb

55
Q

What are the three tonsils in the pharynx?

A

Palatine, tubal, lingual

56
Q

Where are Peyer’s patches found?

A

Small intestine

57
Q

Skin functions?

A

mechanical protection, body temp regulation, Vit D synthesis, salt excretion, non-specific immune defense, tactile sensation

58
Q

What are the three layers of skin?

A

epidermis, dermis, hypodermis/subcutaneous layer

59
Q

The epidermis is made of what type of epithelium?

A

stratified keratinized squamous epithelium

60
Q

What are the subdivisions of the epidermis?

A

Straum corneum, lucidum (thick skin of palms/soles), granulosum, spinosum (makes keratin), basale

61
Q

The epidermis contains what type of cells?

A

Melanocytes (produce pigment), Langerhan’s (immune ID), Merkel (mechanoreceptors)

62
Q

What nerve type is in the epidermis and what is its function?

A

Free N endings –> nociception and heat receptors

63
Q

The papillary layer of the dermis is made of loose connective tissue and contains what?

A

Fibroblasts, collagen fibers, Meissner’s corpuscles (P sensitive) and Krause corpuscles (cold temperature)

64
Q

The reticular layer of the dermis is made up of what?

A

Collagen and elastic fibers

65
Q

T/F the hypodermis/subcutaneous layer is the most superficial layer of the skin

A

F the hypodermis/subcutaneous layer is the deepest layer of the skin

66
Q

The hypodermis contains what?

A

Pacinian corpuscles (vibration) and Ruffini corpuscles (joint perception)

67
Q

Skin has the following appendages from which tumors may arise:

A

hair follicles, sweat glands, sebaceous glands

68
Q 
Eccrine sweat glands:
Found where?
Innervated by?
Produce what?
Involved in?
A

all over
Cholinergic N
Water, salt
Thermoregulation

69
Q 
Apocrine sweat glands:
Found where?
Innervated by?
Produce what?
Involved in?
A

axilla, mons pubis, anus
Adrenergic N
oily mixture
Body scent

70
Q

Sebaceous glands:
Found where?
Produce what?

A

everywhere except palms/soles but especially present in scalp and face
sebum

71
Q

Holocrine glands

A

sebaceous and other glands that have secretions produced in the cell followed by rupture of plasma membrane which releases cellular contents into the lumen

Chiro Essentials Anatomy (6 decks)

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