Respiratory Anatomy Flashcards by Brenna Gray

Respiratory diverticulum came from what embryological origin?

Upper end of foregut

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From the respiratory diverticulum what develops?

2 lung buds

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Lung buds become what for each lung?

primary bronchi

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Primary–> secondary –> tertiary bronchi –> terminal bronchioles –> respiratory bronchioles and what develops here in the 3rd trimester?

Alveoli

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What is esophageal atresia?

Upper end of the esophagus is blind-ending

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What is tracheo-esophageal fistula?

Lower end is connected to the lower end of the trachea

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Where does the trachea begin?

Cricoid cartilage, C6

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The trachea is lined by what type of cell?

Pseudo-stratified ciliated columnar epithelium

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How is the trachea held open?

15-20 U-shaped rings

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The tracheal rings are connected posteriorly by?

Trachealis muscle

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How long and wide is the trachea?

5”, 1”

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Where does the trachea end?

Sternal angle (of Louis) T4/5

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What does the trachea become?

R/L bronchi

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The V shaped cartilage marking the bifurcation of the trachea is called the?

Carina

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What structure lies behind the trachea?

Esophagus

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The 2-4th tracheal rings are crossed anteriorly by what?

Isthmus of the thyroid gland

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T/F The left bronchus is shorter, wider, more vertical than the right

F the Right bronchus is shorter, wider, more vertical than the left

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where do aspirated foreign bodies likely to end up?

Middle lobe of R primary bronchus

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How many secondary bronchi do the right and left main divide into?

R - 3

L - 2

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The lobar bronchus divides into what which feeds what type of segment?

segmental bronchi

terminal bronchiole

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Terminal bronchioles lead to what type of bronchiole which contain?

respiratory bronchioles

Alveolar sacs

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T/F the right lung is bigger, wider and shorter than the L

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Each bronchopulmonary segment is _________ in shape and the apex is directed to the _____

pyramidal

hilum

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The 10 segments of the R lung and which lobe they are in?

Upper - apical, post, ant
Middle - lat/med
Lower - sup, lat, ant med, posterior basal

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The 8/9 segments of the L lung and which lobe they are in?

Upper - apicoposterior, ant, sup, inferior lingual | Lower - sup, ant, lat, posterior basal

The segmental arteries of the lungs are derived from?

Bronchial branches of the aorta

In the root of the lungs, the bronchus lies _____ and the veins lie _____

Behind | Below

The pulmonary artery lies in the?

Right lung root anterior to the bronchus

The Left pulmonary A lies _____ to the bronchus

Superior

The outer/parietal layer or lung pleura is continuous at the ____ ___ ____ ____ and lies against the inner aspect of the ____ ____?

Root of the lung | Thoracic cage

The inner/visceral layer of lung pleura lies against the?

Lungs

Innervation of the outer layer of lung pleura and is it sensitive to pain?

Intercostal and phrenic N | It is sensitive to pain

Innervation of the inner layer of lung pleura and is it sensitive to pain?

Autonomic innervation from Vagus N | NOT sensitive to pain

The pulmonary ligament is a sleeve of ______ at the root of the lung and functions as an __________ ____ _____ for expansion of the _________ V

pleura Anatomical dead space pulmonary

The lung pleura is split into 4 parts?

Cervical, costal, diaphragmatic, mediastinal

This is a fibrous structure that extends from the tip of the TVP of C7 to the inner border of the 1st rib

Suprapleural membrane (Sibson's fascia)

Parietal pleura is supplied by what arteries?

anterior and posterior intercostals

The upper 6 pairs of anterior intercostal A are from the?

Internal T A br of 1st part of subclavian A

The 7-9th anterior intercostal arteries are from the?

musculophrenic br of the internal thoracic A

First and second posterior intercostal arteries are from the?

Costal br of the costocervical trunk of the subclavian A

3-11th posterior intercosal arteries are from the?

Descending part of the thoracic aorta

Lymphatic pathway of the lungs?

Pulmonary nodes in lung parenchyma --> bronchopulmonary nodes in hilum --> tracheobronchial nodes @bifurcation of trachea --> para-tracheal nodes --> mediastinal lymphatic trunks

The azygous venous system drains blood from the ?

posterior part of the thoracic cage

The azygous vein lies on the right side of which vertebrae?

T5-12

The azygous vein receives which blood vesels?

2-11th posterior intercostals and right subcostal veins

The azygous vein passes through the diaphragm at T12 along with the what structures?

aorta and thoracic duct

The hemiazygos vein receives what blood vessels?

Left subcostal and T10/9-T12 left intercostal veins

The accessory hemiazygos vein is formed by?

5-8th left intercostal veins

1st and 2nd posterior intercostal veins may drain separately or together into what structures in the superior division of the mediastinum?

Brachiocephalic veins

What fibromuscular system separates the thoracic and abdominal cavity?

Diaphragm

The central tendon of the diaphragm comes from what embryological origin?

The septum transversum from the 3rd, 4th, 5th cervical somites

The diaphragm comes from what 4 embryological origin?

Central tendon, pleuroperitoneal membranes, periphral rim of body wall, dorsal mesentary of the esophagus

The muscle fibers of the diaphragm originate from four areas?

Right crus from bodies L1-3 Left crus from bodies L1-2 Lower 6 ribs Sternum (post aspect of xiphoid process)

Where do the muscular fibers of the diaphragm insert?

The central tendon

What goes through the diaphragm at the T8 opening?

IVC, R phrenic N, pericardiacophrenic vessels

What goes through the diaphragm at the T10 opening?

Esophagus and vagus N

What goes through the diaphragm at the T12 opening?

Aorta, thoracic duct, azygos V

The IVC passes through what opening in the diaphragm?

central tendon

The esophagus passes through what opening in the diaphragm?

Right crus

The aorta passes through what opening in the diaphragm?

R/L crura

The diaphragm is innervated by?

The phrenic N C3,4,5 (keeps the diaphragm alive)

What covers the diaphragm on the superior aspect? The inferior aspect?

Pleura | Peritoneum

The peritoneum and pleura in the CENTER of the diaphragm are innervated by?

The phrenic N

The peritoneum and pleura in the PERIPHERY of the diaphragm are innervated by?

The lower 6 intercostal N

Condensation of fascia over the psoas muscle is called the?

Medial arcuate ligament

Condensation of fascia over the quadratus lumborum muscle is called the?

Lateral arcuate ligament

What connects the R/L crura and arches over the aorta?

Median arcuate ligament