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Chiro Essentials Anatomy > Respiratory Anatomy > Flashcards

Respiratory Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Respiratory diverticulum came from what embryological origin?

A

Upper end of foregut

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2
Q

From the respiratory diverticulum what develops?

A

2 lung buds

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3
Q

Lung buds become what for each lung?

A

primary bronchi

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4
Q

Primary–> secondary –> tertiary bronchi –> terminal bronchioles –> respiratory bronchioles and what develops here in the 3rd trimester?

A

Alveoli

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5
Q

What is esophageal atresia?

A

Upper end of the esophagus is blind-ending

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6
Q

What is tracheo-esophageal fistula?

A

Lower end is connected to the lower end of the trachea

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7
Q

Where does the trachea begin?

A

Cricoid cartilage, C6

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8
Q

The trachea is lined by what type of cell?

A

Pseudo-stratified ciliated columnar epithelium

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9
Q

How is the trachea held open?

A

15-20 U-shaped rings

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10
Q

The tracheal rings are connected posteriorly by?

A

Trachealis muscle

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11
Q

How long and wide is the trachea?

A

5”, 1”

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12
Q

Where does the trachea end?

A

Sternal angle (of Louis) T4/5

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13
Q

What does the trachea become?

A

R/L bronchi

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14
Q

The V shaped cartilage marking the bifurcation of the trachea is called the?

A

Carina

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15
Q

What structure lies behind the trachea?

A

Esophagus

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16
Q

The 2-4th tracheal rings are crossed anteriorly by what?

A

Isthmus of the thyroid gland

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17
Q

T/F The left bronchus is shorter, wider, more vertical than the right

A

F the Right bronchus is shorter, wider, more vertical than the left

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18
Q

where do aspirated foreign bodies likely to end up?

A

Middle lobe of R primary bronchus

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19
Q

How many secondary bronchi do the right and left main divide into?

A

R - 3

L - 2

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20
Q

The lobar bronchus divides into what which feeds what type of segment?

A

segmental bronchi

terminal bronchiole

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21
Q

Terminal bronchioles lead to what type of bronchiole which contain?

A

respiratory bronchioles

Alveolar sacs

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22
Q

T/F the right lung is bigger, wider and shorter than the L

A

T

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23
Q

Each bronchopulmonary segment is _________ in shape and the apex is directed to the _____

A

pyramidal

hilum

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24
Q

The 10 segments of the R lung and which lobe they are in?

A

Upper - apical, post, ant
Middle - lat/med
Lower - sup, lat, ant med, posterior basal

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25
Q

The 8/9 segments of the L lung and which lobe they are in?

A

Upper - apicoposterior, ant, sup, inferior lingual

Lower - sup, ant, lat, posterior basal

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26
Q

The segmental arteries of the lungs are derived from?

A

Bronchial branches of the aorta

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27
Q

In the root of the lungs, the bronchus lies _____ and the veins lie _____

A

Behind

Below

28
Q

The pulmonary artery lies in the?

A

Right lung root anterior to the bronchus

29
Q

The Left pulmonary A lies _____ to the bronchus

A

Superior

30
Q

The outer/parietal layer or lung pleura is continuous at the ____ ___ ____ ____ and lies against the inner aspect of the ____ ____?

A

Root of the lung

Thoracic cage

31
Q

The inner/visceral layer of lung pleura lies against the?

A

Lungs

32
Q

Innervation of the outer layer of lung pleura and is it sensitive to pain?

A

Intercostal and phrenic N

It is sensitive to pain

33
Q

Innervation of the inner layer of lung pleura and is it sensitive to pain?

A

Autonomic innervation from Vagus N

NOT sensitive to pain

34
Q

The pulmonary ligament is a sleeve of ______ at the root of the lung and functions as an __________ ____ _____ for expansion of the _________ V

A

pleura
Anatomical dead space
pulmonary

35
Q

The lung pleura is split into 4 parts?

A

Cervical, costal, diaphragmatic, mediastinal

36
Q

This is a fibrous structure that extends from the tip of the TVP of C7 to the inner border of the 1st rib

A

Suprapleural membrane (Sibson’s fascia)

37
Q

Parietal pleura is supplied by what arteries?

A

anterior and posterior intercostals

38
Q

The upper 6 pairs of anterior intercostal A are from the?

A

Internal T A br of 1st part of subclavian A

39
Q

The 7-9th anterior intercostal arteries are from the?

A

musculophrenic br of the internal thoracic A

40
Q

First and second posterior intercostal arteries are from the?

A

Costal br of the costocervical trunk of the subclavian A

41
Q

3-11th posterior intercosal arteries are from the?

A

Descending part of the thoracic aorta

42
Q

Lymphatic pathway of the lungs?

A

Pulmonary nodes in lung parenchyma –> bronchopulmonary nodes in hilum –> tracheobronchial nodes @bifurcation of trachea –> para-tracheal nodes –> mediastinal lymphatic trunks

43
Q

The azygous venous system drains blood from the ?

A

posterior part of the thoracic cage

44
Q

The azygous vein lies on the right side of which vertebrae?

A

T5-12

45
Q

The azygous vein receives which blood vesels?

A

2-11th posterior intercostals and right subcostal veins

46
Q

The azygous vein passes through the diaphragm at T12 along with the what structures?

A

aorta and thoracic duct

47
Q

The hemiazygos vein receives what blood vessels?

A

Left subcostal and T10/9-T12 left intercostal veins

48
Q

The accessory hemiazygos vein is formed by?

A

5-8th left intercostal veins

49
Q

1st and 2nd posterior intercostal veins may drain separately or together into what structures in the superior division of the mediastinum?

A

Brachiocephalic veins

50
Q

What fibromuscular system separates the thoracic and abdominal cavity?

A

Diaphragm

51
Q

The central tendon of the diaphragm comes from what embryological origin?

A

The septum transversum from the 3rd, 4th, 5th cervical somites

52
Q

The diaphragm comes from what 4 embryological origin?

A

Central tendon, pleuroperitoneal membranes, periphral rim of body wall, dorsal mesentary of the esophagus

53
Q

The muscle fibers of the diaphragm originate from four areas?

A

Right crus from bodies L1-3
Left crus from bodies L1-2
Lower 6 ribs
Sternum (post aspect of xiphoid process)

54
Q

Where do the muscular fibers of the diaphragm insert?

A

The central tendon

55
Q

What goes through the diaphragm at the T8 opening?

A

IVC, R phrenic N, pericardiacophrenic vessels

56
Q

What goes through the diaphragm at the T10 opening?

A

Esophagus and vagus N

57
Q

What goes through the diaphragm at the T12 opening?

A

Aorta, thoracic duct, azygos V

58
Q

The IVC passes through what opening in the diaphragm?

A

central tendon

59
Q

The esophagus passes through what opening in the diaphragm?

A

Right crus

60
Q

The aorta passes through what opening in the diaphragm?

A

R/L crura

61
Q

The diaphragm is innervated by?

A

The phrenic N C3,4,5 (keeps the diaphragm alive)

62
Q

What covers the diaphragm on the superior aspect? The inferior aspect?

A

Pleura

Peritoneum

63
Q

The peritoneum and pleura in the CENTER of the diaphragm are innervated by?

A

The phrenic N

64
Q

The peritoneum and pleura in the PERIPHERY of the diaphragm are innervated by?

A

The lower 6 intercostal N

65
Q

Condensation of fascia over the psoas muscle is called the?

A

Medial arcuate ligament

66
Q

Condensation of fascia over the quadratus lumborum muscle is called the?

A

Lateral arcuate ligament

67
Q

What connects the R/L crura and arches over the aorta?

A

Median arcuate ligament

Chiro Essentials Anatomy (6 decks)

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