Retail Pharmacy Flashcards
What is the NABP?
National board of Pharmacy, they help develop, implement, and enforce standards for the purpose of protecting the public health.
What is PharmD?
a Degree that has replaced the Bachelor of Pharmacy degree. Typically a 4 year program that requires at least 2 to 3 years undergrad prior to admittance.
What is the NAPLEX?
North American Pharmacist Licensure Exam.
What is MJPE?
Multi state Pharmacy Jurisprudence Exam.
What is the ACPE?
American Council of Pharmaceutical Education, where Pharmacists receive continuing education units. Recognized by the state board of Pharmacy.
Name some additional certifications available to Pharmacists.
Pharmacist Diplomate Credential
Specialty Areas managed by the Board of Pharmacy Specialties
Residencies and Fellowships
MBA public administration and Public health
Master’s and PhD
What are the 6 specialties a pharmacist can earn a specialty certificate in?
Nuclear Pharmacy Nutrition Support Pharmacy Oncology Pharmacy Pharmacotherapy Psychiatric Pharmacy Ambulatory Care Pharmacy
What is the AphA?
the american pharmacists Association, largest established national association for pharmacists.
Publications include; the journal of american pharmacists association and Pharmacy Today newsletter.
What is NACDS?
The National Association of Chain drug Stores, represents views and policy positions of its chain drug stores, supermarkets, and mass merchants with pharmacies.
What is the NCPA?
Founded in 1898 National association of Retail Druggists. Represents the pharmacy owners, managers, and employees of more than 23,000 independent community pharmacies across the United States.
What is NIPCO?
National Accrediting Organization for the Pharmacist care education and training programs.
What is ASHP?
The american Society of Health-System Pharmacists represents Pharmacists who practice in Hospitals, Health Maintenance organizations, and ambulatory clinics.
Retail Pharmacies include…
Drugstore chains Mass Merchandisers Independently owned pharmacies Mail-order services Supermarket Pharmacies
Name other sources of Prescription drugs aside from retail pharmacies.
Patient assistance programs
purchasing pools ie. department of defense or VA
Samples from a physicians office
Name some types of Independent Pharmacies.
Privately Held businesses Single store operations Chains Franchises Independently owned supermarket pharmacies
What percentage of drugs dispensed by independent Pharmacies are generic?
76%
What services have been adopted by independent pharmacies to compete with retail pharmacies?
Delivery durable medical groups compounding immunizations blood pressure monitoring diabetes training
What is compounding?
Medications that are mixed by specially trained, licensed pharmacists for personal use by patients.
Name the types of Chain Pharmacies.
Drug stores
Supermarkets
Mass Merchants with Pharmacies
Chain Pharmacy services may include…
medication dispensing
assessing and evaluating patient medication related needs
monitoring and adjusting patients treatments to attain desired outcome.
patient care management
List some advantages of internet Pharmacies.
competitive prices
convenience
privacy
availability
Name some disadvantages of internet pharmacies.
limited to no opportunity for advice
adverse reactions or interactions with other medication
risks from incomplete information about adverse effects and contraindications
access to harmful drugs
poor quality control
In 2010 Mail order pharmacies filled_______% of all prescriptions in the retail sector.
7.2
Based on 2010 industry data Chain Pharmacies filled______ billion prescriptions.
1.8
according to the 2009 national Pharmacist workforce survey, approximately______% of actively practicing pharmacies work in retail Pharmacies.
54
Over_______% of independent owners own 2 or more pharmacies.
24
_____of the us jurisdictions require pharmacists to obtain a certain number of continuing education credits or units to qualify for re licensing.
51
What are the 4 key areas where pharmacists collaborate with primary care providers?
- performing a comprehensive review of all current prescribed and self care medications for usage and patterns.
- conducting a systematic assessment of each medication for appropriateness, efficacy, safety, and adherence to achieve optimal therapy goals
- Developing a personal medication care plane with self management goals and medication recommendations
- documenting and communicating the care plan to the patient and all healthcare providers.
What is a third party payer?
a general terms for a private or public organization that pay or insure health or medical expenses on behalf of beneficiaries or recipients who pay a premium for the coverage.
What is an open Formulary?
One in which the list of preferred drugs is not necessarily tied to the member cost share, there are no restrictions on the products a physician may prescribe
What is an incentive based formulary?
has financial incentives to use generic or preferred formulary products
What is a closed formulary?
required a patient uses only formulary products which are limited to only some of the commercially available products per therapeutic class.
What is a managed Formulary?
combines incentives and financial penalties to encourage providers to prescribe preferred drugs
What is a tiered formulary?
cost sharing tiers place a drug on a drug list, which classifies the drug as generic, preferred, or non preferred.
What percentage of covered workers with a pharmacy benefit plan had a tiered cost sharing formula for prescription drugs in 2012?
87%
Name 4 types of formulary control mechanisms.
therapeutic substitution programs
Hard edits
soft edits
academic detailing
what is a Therapeutic substitution program?
involve utilization review to increase and maintain use of formulary drugs. the process involves contacting the prescriber before the switch to a preferred formulary product can be made.
What is a hard edit?
computer generated messaged that appear when the pharmacist fills a prescription, prohibiting the pharmacist from filling the drug. ie, Prior authorization.
what is a soft edit?
computer generated messaged alerting pharmacists to certain information regarding a prescription. ie, possible drug interaction or containdication.
What is academic detailing?
encourage physicians to use lower price or on formulary drugs by having the physician bear some of the risk for drug cost.
What percent of workers with an employer sponsored coverage were enrolled in plans with three or more tiers in 2012?
78%
Name the 3 big Drug Wholesalers?
Amerisource Bergen Corporation
Cardinal Health
Mckesson
what are the factors affecting prescription drug prices?
ingredient cost dispensing fees copay amounts Third party payment amount intervention or professional fee
What is the orange book?
a common name for the approved drug and products therapeutic Equivalence evaluations. A publication that identifies drug products approved on the basis of safety and effectiveness by the FDA and cosmetic act.
What is the donut hole?
referrs to the gap in drug coverage during which medicare beneficiaries must pay the full cost of their prescriptions out of pocket.
What are some strategies to eventually close the donut hole?
- additional subsidies it the coverage gap for brand name drugs(2013) and generic drugs(2011)
- reducing the benificiary coinsurance rate in the gap from 100% to 25% by 2020
- reducing the out of pocket amount the qualifies a n enrollee for catastrophic coverage(between 2014 and 2019)
What is the ISMP?
institute for safe medication practices
What are CCC’s?
Convenient Care Centers, health care clinics based in retail stores and pharmacies staffed by np’s. who are capable of treating the most common health problems, administering immunizations, performing preventative health screenings.
