Rest, Sleep, Hygiene Flashcards
Define “rest”
condition in which body is decreased state of activity, with the consequent feeling of being refreshed
Define “sleep”
a state of rest accompanied by altered consciousness and relative inactivity
What are circadian rhythms?
biological clocks that complete a full cycle every 24 hrs
What are the two major stages of sleep?
non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and rapid eye movement (REM)
what sleep stages are considered light sleep?
Stage 1 and 2
what sleep stages are considered deep-sleep?
Stage 3 and 4
How many stages of NREM are there?
4
which stages are termed delta sleep or slow-wave sleep?
Stage 3 and 4
What body functions increase during REM sleep?
pulse, respiratory rate, BP, metabolic rate, and body temperature
What body function decrease during REM sleep?
general skeletal muscle tone, deep tendon reflexes
What is the pattern of a normal sleep cycle?
Stage 1 > stage 2 > stage 3 > stage 4, then reversed back to stage 3 > stage 2 > REM > stage 2
what is melatonin?
natural chemical produced at night that decreases wakefulness and promotes sleep
what type of snack may be affective before bedtime?
a small protein and carbohydrate-containing snack
what is a partial explanation of the phenomenon of a hangover?
large quantities of alcohol consumption can limit REM and delta sleep
how does smoking affect sleep?
- Nicotine is a stimulant. Smokers are more easily aroused during sleep.
- Total withdrawal may be associated with sleep disturbances associated with temporary sleep disturbances
what is chronotherapeutics?
a field of study that involves strategic use of time in the administration of medicine
what are some drugs that decrease REM sleep?
barbituates, amphetamines, antidepressants
what is common drug prescribed for long-term treatment of chronic insomnia?
eszopiclone (Lunesta)
what is a common drug prescribed for short-term treatment of insomnia?
zaleplon (Sonata), zolpidem (Ambien)
define dyssomnia
sleep disorders characterized by insomnia or excessive sleepiness
define parasomnia
patterns of waking behavior that appear “during” sleep
define insomnia
difficulty falling asleep, intermittent sleep, or early awakening from sleep
what is “sleep hygiene”
nonpharmacologic recommendations that help an individual sleep better
what is hypersomnia?
condition characterized by excessive sleep, particularly during the day
