Rest, Sleep, Hygiene Flashcards

1
Q

Define “rest”

A

condition in which body is decreased state of activity, with the consequent feeling of being refreshed

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2
Q

Define “sleep”

A

a state of rest accompanied by altered consciousness and relative inactivity

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3
Q

What are circadian rhythms?

A

biological clocks that complete a full cycle every 24 hrs

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4
Q

What are the two major stages of sleep?

A

non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and rapid eye movement (REM)

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5
Q

what sleep stages are considered light sleep?

A

Stage 1 and 2

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6
Q

what sleep stages are considered deep-sleep?

A

Stage 3 and 4

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7
Q

How many stages of NREM are there?

A

4

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8
Q

which stages are termed delta sleep or slow-wave sleep?

A

Stage 3 and 4

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9
Q

What body functions increase during REM sleep?

A

pulse, respiratory rate, BP, metabolic rate, and body temperature

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10
Q

What body function decrease during REM sleep?

A

general skeletal muscle tone, deep tendon reflexes

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11
Q

What is the pattern of a normal sleep cycle?

A

Stage 1 > stage 2 > stage 3 > stage 4, then reversed back to stage 3 > stage 2 > REM > stage 2

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12
Q

what is melatonin?

A

natural chemical produced at night that decreases wakefulness and promotes sleep

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13
Q

what type of snack may be affective before bedtime?

A

a small protein and carbohydrate-containing snack

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14
Q

what is a partial explanation of the phenomenon of a hangover?

A

large quantities of alcohol consumption can limit REM and delta sleep

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15
Q

how does smoking affect sleep?

A
  • Nicotine is a stimulant. Smokers are more easily aroused during sleep.
  • Total withdrawal may be associated with sleep disturbances associated with temporary sleep disturbances
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16
Q

what is chronotherapeutics?

A

a field of study that involves strategic use of time in the administration of medicine

17
Q

what are some drugs that decrease REM sleep?

A

barbituates, amphetamines, antidepressants

18
Q

what is common drug prescribed for long-term treatment of chronic insomnia?

A

eszopiclone (Lunesta)

19
Q

what is a common drug prescribed for short-term treatment of insomnia?

A

zaleplon (Sonata), zolpidem (Ambien)

20
Q

define dyssomnia

A

sleep disorders characterized by insomnia or excessive sleepiness

21
Q

define parasomnia

A

patterns of waking behavior that appear “during” sleep

22
Q

define insomnia

A

difficulty falling asleep, intermittent sleep, or early awakening from sleep

23
Q

what is “sleep hygiene”

A

nonpharmacologic recommendations that help an individual sleep better

24
Q

what is hypersomnia?

A

condition characterized by excessive sleep, particularly during the day

25
Q

what is narcolepsy?

A

condition characterized by an uncontrollable desire to sleep

  • difficult to wake per
  • person move directly into REM sleep
  • loss of motor tone
26
Q

what is sleep apnea?

A

condition in a which a person experiences absence of breathing (apnea) or diminished breathing efforts (hypopnea) during sleep

27
Q

about how many cycles of sleep does a person go through?

A

4 or 5

28
Q

in what stage of sleep does involuntary muscle jerking occur?

A

NREM stage 1

29
Q

hypothyroidism interferes with what stage(s) of sleep?

A

stage 2 and 4