Cardiovascular

Question 1

how much blood does the heart pump with each beat?

Answer 1

5 L/min or 60mL/min

Question 2

what vessels return deoxygenated blood to right atrium?

Answer 2

superior vena cave, inferior vena cave, coronary sinus

Question 3

systole is _____ of the heart

Answer 3

contraction

Question 4

diastole is _____ of the heart

Answer 4

“filling” or resting

Question 5

what is stroke volume?

Answer 5

the amount of blood ejected by the left ventricle during each contraction

Question 6

what is after the afterload?

Answer 6

resistance the ventricles must overcome to eject blood through the valves and blood vessels

Question 7

what is the focus of patient history in terms of cardiovascular problems

Answer 7

obtain information about risk factors and symptoms. Assess non-modifiable risk

Question 8

What is PND?

Answer 8

paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea- patient awakens abruptly with feeling of suffocation.

Question 9

Troponin normal range

Answer 9

T

Question 10

Myoglobin normal range

Question 11

what is the normal ration for HDL: LDL?

Answer 11

3:1

Question 12

What serum levels are assessed for patients receiving heparin?

Answer 12

PTT/platelets

Question 13

What serum levels are assessed for patients receiving warfarin (Coumadin)?

Answer 13

PT/INR

Question 14

Why is it important to monitor heart rate and rhythm after administering Atropine?

Answer 14

Increased heart rate is expected.

Increased heart rate could cause ischemia in patients with CAD

Question 15

What are the 3 I’s of MI

Answer 15

Ischemia
Injury
Infarction

Question 16

what is the normal ejection fraction range?

Answer 16

50% - 70%

Question 17

what condition is the leading cause of heart failure?

Answer 17

hypertension

Question 18

how does atropine affect myasthenia gravis?

Answer 18

it’s an anticholinergic. It inhibits

Question 19

what is the generic name for Tenormin?

Answer 19

atenolol

Question 20

what is atenolol?

pg 782

Answer 20

antianginal, antihypertensive

pharm. class: beta blocker
- decreases BP and heart rate
- decreases frequency of angina attacks
- prevents MI

Question 21

what are the 6 P’s of acute arterial occlusion?

Answer 21

1. Pain
2. Pallor
3. Pulseless
4. Paresthesia (abnormal sensations i.e. tingling, numbness)
5. Paralysis
6. Poikilothermia (inability to regulate core body temp)

Question 22

what is Lopressor (metoprolol)?

pg 782

Answer 22

Ther. class: antianginal, antihypertensive
Pharm class: beta blocker

decreases BP and heart rate
decreases frequency of angina attacks
decreases rate of mortality and hospitalization in patients with heart failure

Question 23

what make rheumatic carditis different from endocarditis?

Answer 23

rheumatic carditis develops after an upper respiratory infection with streptococci

Question 24

Claudication?

Answer 24

muscle pain caused by inadequate blood supply

Question 25

Ischemic

Answer 25

reduced blood flow in vessels caused by a blockage narrowing the lumen

Question 26

when administering unfractionated heparin. When you should you notify the physician of platelet level?

Answer 26

when platelet count is below 120,000/mm3

Question 27

what are the therapeutic lab levels for Coumadin/warfarin?

Answer 27

INR between 1.5 and 2.0

Question 28

what is the antidote for warfarin?

Answer 28

vitamin K