Oral Medications for Skills Lab

Question 1

Amoxicillin

Answer 1

Trade name- Amoxil
Classification- aminopenicillins
Therapeutic effects- bactericidal action; spectrum is
broader than penicillins
3 adverse affects- seizures, pseudomembranous colitis
(diarrhea, nausea, vomiting), rash
1 common side effect- diarrhea
3 administration implications-
1 pt and family education point- instruct pt. to
immediately report diarrhea, abdominal cramping
fever, or bloody stools, and DO NOT treat w/anti
diarrheals
Common food/drug interactions- may decrease
effectiveness of oral contraceptives
Reason med. prescribed- infection
Normal dose range for adults- 250-500 mg

Question 2

Diltiazem

Answer 2

Trade name- Cardizem

Classification- antiaginals, antiarrythmics, antihypertensives

Therapeutic effects- Systemic vasodilation resulting in decreased
BP / Reduction of ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation or flutter

3 adverse affects- peripheral edema, bradycardia, abnormal dreams
arrhyhmias, HF, diarrhea

1 common side effect- peripheral edema

3 administration implications-

1 pt and family education point- take meds as directed at same time
each day

Common food/drug interactions- grapefruit juice increases levels and
effect

Reason med. prescribed-

Normal dose range for adults- 30-120 mg 3-4 times daily

Question 3

Warfarin sodium

Answer 3

Brand name- Coumadin

Classification- coumarins, anticoagulants

Therapeutic effects- Prevention of thromboembolic events

3 adverse affects- cramps, nausea, dermal necrosis, BLEEDING, fever
1 common side effect- Bleeding, cramps

3 administration implications-

1 pt and family education point- report any symptoms of unusual
bleeding or bruising

Common food/drug interactions- large quantities of foods high in
vitamin K may antagonize the anticoagulant effect of warfarin

Reason med. prescribed-

Normal dose range for adults- 2-5 mg/day for 2-4 days

Question 4

Digoxin

Answer 4

Trade name- Lanoxin

Classification- digitalis glycosides, antiarrhymics

Therapeutic effects- increased cardiac output and slowing of the heart
rate

3 adverse affects- headache, weakness, bradycardia

1 common side effect- fatigue

3 administration implications-

1 pt and family education point- take 1 hour before or 2 hours after high
fiber meals

Common food/drug interactions- loop diuretics, laxatives may increase
toxicity, high fiber meals may decrease absorbtion

Reason med. prescribed-

Normal dose range for adults- PO 0.75-1.5 mg given as 50% of the
dose initially and one quarter of the initial dose in each of 2
subsequent doses at 6-12 hr intervals

Question 5

Metformin hydrochloride

Answer 5

Brand name- Glucophage

Classification- biguanides, antidiabetics

Therapeutic effects- maintenance of blood glucose

3 adverse affects- unpleasant metallic taste, vomiting
diarrhea

1 common side effect- bloating

3 administration implications-

1 pt and family education point-

Common food/drug interactions- alcohol ingestion or iodinated
contrast media increase risk of lactic acidosis

Reason med. prescribed-

Normal dose range for adults- PO 500 mg twice daily

Question 6

Oxycodone & amp; acetaminophen

Answer 6

Brand name- Percocet

Classification- opioid agonists, analgesic

Therapeutic effects- decreased pain

3 adverse affects- dysphoria, headache, RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION

1 common side effect- confusion

3 administration implications-

1 pt and family education point- Never give to anyone, known abuse
potential

Common food/drug interactions- MAO inhibitors

Reason med. prescribed-

Normal dose range for adults-

Question 7

Furosemide

Answer 7

Trade name- Lasix

Classification- loop diuretic

Therapeutic effects- diuresis, decreased BP

3 adverse affects- hypotension, dizziness, excessive
urination

1 common side effect- dehydration
3 administration implications-

1 pt and family education point-
Common food/drug interactions- antihypertensives increase risk of
of hypotension, laxatives, NSAIDS decrease effects of furosemide

Reason med. prescribed-

Normal dose range for adults-

Question 8

Atorvastatin calcium

Answer 8

Brand name- Lipitor

Classification- lipid-lowering agents

Therapeutic effects- lowering of total and LDL cholesterol, slows
progression of coronary atherosclerosis

3 adverse affects- rhinitis, chest pain, hyperglycemia

1 common side effect- rashes

3 administration implications-

1 pt and family education point-

Common food/drug interactions- slightly increase digoxin levels,
slightly increase oral contraceptive levels, may increase levels of
warfarin, grapefruit juice increase risk of rhabdomyolysis

Reason med. prescribed-

Normal dose range for adults-

Question 9

Potassium chloride

Answer 9

Brand name- Micro-K

Classification- mineral and electrolyte replacements/ supplements

Therapeutic effects- prevention of deficiency

3 adverse affects- weakness, ARRHYTHMIAS, nausea

1 common side effect- abdominal pain

3 administration implications-

1 pt and family education point-

Common food/drug interactions- potassium-sparing diuretics or ACE
inhibitors, anticholinergics may increase GI mucosal lesions in
patients taking wax-matrix potassium chloride preparations

Reason med. prescribed-

Normal dose range for adults-

Question 10

Levothyroxine

Answer 10

Brand name- Synthroid
Classification- 
Therapeutic effects-
3 adverse affects-
1 common side effect-
3 administration implications-
1 pt and family education point-
Common food/drug interactions-
Reason med. prescribed-
Normal dose range for adults-