rest of hemp

Question 1

ruptured septum

Answer 1

right heart

Question 2

cardiac tamponade

Answer 2

right heart

Question 3

gram - sepsis

Answer 3

lungss

Question 4

constrictive pericarditis

Answer 4

left heart

Question 5

patent ductus arteriosus

Answer 5

left heart

Question 6

arteriosclerotic heart disease

Answer 6

left heart

Question 7

low preload/pcwp/rap - therapy

Answer 7

iv fluid

Question 8

high preload/pcwp/rap

Answer 8

diuretecs, vasodilators, iontropic drugs

Question 9

low afterload/svr/pvr

Answer 9

vasopressor drugs

Question 10

high afterload/svr/pvr

Answer 10

vasodilators , iv fluids

Question 11

low contractility/lvswi/rvswi

Answer 11

positive ionotropic drugs, vasodilators, iv fluids

Question 12

high contractility/lvswi/rvswi

Answer 12

negative ionotropic drugs

Question 13

low heart rate

Answer 13

parasympathetic blocker drugs, pacemaker

Question 14

high heart rate

Answer 14

beta blocker and ca++ blocking drugs

Question 15

low hemoglobin

Answer 15

blood transfusion

Question 16

high hemoglobin

Answer 16

iv fluids

Question 17

what affects cmo

Answer 17

blood volume, contractility, valve function, pericardial function, metabolic rate, vascular resistance

Question 18

3 ways to measure cmo

Answer 18

thermodilution, fick equation, dilution method echo

Question 19

decreased preload - sepsis treatment

Answer 19

crystalloids, nss, ringers lactate, colloids, albumin, blood

Question 20

increased preload - hypervolemia

Answer 20

diuretcs

Question 21

increased preload - vent failure

Answer 21

vasodilators, ionotropic, nitroglycerine

Question 22

decreased afterload

Answer 22

vasopressors - norepinephrine, levophed, dopamine, phenylephrine (neo-synephrine)

Question 23

increased after load - svr

Answer 23

sodium nitroprusside (nipride) USED FOR SVR

Question 24

increased after load pvr

Answer 24

diazoxide (hyerstat)

Question 25

what is nitroglycerine used for

Answer 25

coronary blood flow

Question 26

example of an alpha inhibitor

Answer 26

clonidine (catapril)

Question 27

to decrease contractility

Answer 27

negative ionotropic drugs - verapamil, propranolol, diltiazem

Question 28

to increase contractility

Answer 28

positive ionotropic drugs - digoxin, dopamine, dobutamine, epinephrine

Question 29

normal padp-pcwp gradient

Answer 29

3-5

Question 30

pasp in copd is normally what

Answer 30

greater than 40

Question 31

paso in emboli is normally what

Answer 31

less than 40

Question 32

increased pcwp with decreased cmo indicates

Answer 32

left heart failure

Question 33

increased pcwp with increased cmo indicates

Answer 33

hypervolemia

Question 34

after load of left heart is

Answer 34

svr

Question 35

after load of right heart is

Answer 35

pvr

Question 36

what does it indicate when pcwp is greater than pap

Answer 36

over wedge or poor placement of catheter

Question 37

what is pressure dampening

Answer 37

waveforms decrease amplitude pressure is lower than what ur expecting

Question 38

what wave form do you see pressure dampening in

Answer 38

pap when you can’t see dicrotic notch

Question 39

what should always show on the screen for monitoring

Answer 39

pap

Question 40

measured pressures

Answer 40

cvp, pap, pcwp, bp, co

Question 41

what does neurogenic shock cause

Answer 41

dysfunction of sympathetic nerves with massive peripheral vasodialtion and system hypoperfusion

Question 42

septic warm shock - cardiac output

Answer 42

increased bc svr is decreased

Question 43

septic cold shock - CO

Answer 43

decreased

Question 44

anaphylactic shock

Answer 44

severe vasodilation secondary to allergic reaction - real ease of histamine - give epinephrine